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Adafruit Weekly Editorial Round-Up: Secured Discount, Celebrating Vice President Elect Kamala Harris, Chinese Fashion Goes Cyberpunk, & more

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ADAFRUIT WEEKLY EDITORIAL ROUND-UP

We’ve got so much happening here at Adafruit that it’s not always easy to keep up! Don’t fret, we’ve got you covered. Each week we’ll be posting a handy round-up of what we’ve been up to, ranging from learn guides to blog articles, videos, and more.

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20% Off For Securing Your Adafruit Account — Limited Time Only!

Adafruit is currently offering a one-time use discount code of 20% off

The code is SECURED

Some restrictions apply, including product-level restrictions (a handful of products, including most Raspberry Pi boards, will not be eligible for discount). The discount does not apply to subscriptions or gift certificates either. The code is active from now until Thanksgiving (11/26/2020) — so get shopping!

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Adafruit MagTag by Kattni Rembor

The Adafruit MagTag combines the new ESP32-S2 wireless module and a 2.9″ grayscale E-Ink display to make a low-power IoT display that can show data on its screen even when power is removed! The ESP32-S2 is great because it builds on the years of code and support for the ESP32 and also adds native USB support so you can use this board with Arduino or CircuitPython!

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Browse all that’s new in the Adafruit Learning System here!

DNA.am Acquires GROW Software, Protecting AM Data

“Our Mission: to overcome adoption methods of additive manufacturing surrounding design, manufacturing, and build validation.” – Grow.am

As an industry that has skyrocketed into the billions upon hitting the mainstream after decades of working behind the scenes for a select number of designers and engineers, 3D printing is continually being reshaped in terms of equipment and techniques—as well as through the emergence of new companies, mergers, and buy-outs.

Now, DNA.am is announcing the acquisition of the UK-headquartered GROW Software. To be re-branded Grow.am, they will carry on digitalizing security for sectors that are highly regulated, along with helping designers protect intellectual property in additive manufacturing.

(Image: GROW.am)

As additive manufacturing has evolved and led industrial users to become much more reliant, the need to explore security measures (especially as there may not currently be any in place at all) has become apparent for users seeking to protect critical data—and parts.

This acquisition occurs during a unique and challenging time for many, with the world facing the COVID-19 viral pandemic, the two companies are recognizing the further need for security, quality assurance, and material traceability. This is necessary to strengthen the 3D printing industry and technology further so that manufacturers can contribute more wholly in the future when supply chains are breaking down during the need for critical items like personal protective equipment.

In examining the current state of AM technology overall, DNA.am and Valuechain Group CEO Tom Dawes has expressed concern over “fragility and significant limitations” in conventional production methods. While additive manufacturing should have been ready to fill gaps in the supply chain during the pandemic more fully, there are still “major inhibitors.”

(Image: DNA.am)

The glories of 3D printing and design and fabrication of items like ventilators, masks, swabs, have been well-publicized; however, of course there must be concerns about safety, possible toxicity in materials, and true viability about a range of items being used or that are currently in the design process. While obviously there was not time to get FDA approval for numerous parts being fabricated in the maker community to help manufacture much-needed PPEs, as time passes, safety standards will fall into place.

Traceability in products along with the ability to enjoy secure partnerships in filling AM supply chains will be a focus for the team at GROW, led by Siavash Mahdavi, founder.

[Source / Images: 3D Adept Media]

The post DNA.am Acquires GROW Software, Protecting AM Data appeared first on 3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing.

IP Security: Reverse Engineering to Test Vulnerability in 3D Printer Toolpaths

We hear a lot about engineering hardware and software and other accompanying technologies for 3D printing, so the idea of going in reverse may raise an eyebrow or two; however, scientists from the NYU Tandon School of Engineering are using machine learning and reverse engineering to test vulnerability in 3D printing toolpaths.

Security in 3D printing has been an ongoing concern for years now, and the focus of numerous different research studies. On a more topical level, there are worries about criminal factions using the technology for evil purposes like fabricating skimmers, making guns for nefarious purposes, and even 3D printing packaging for illicit drugs. On a much deeper, more analytical level, there is vulnerability to cyberterrorism, whether in tampering with critical parts for aerospace applications, creating product defects and causing safety issues and liability, or even interfering in military operations.

The researchers, led by Nikhil Gupta, a professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, enlighten the public on worries that most 3D printing users would never consider: the potential for stolen trade secrets through analysis of layered materials. Gupta and his researchers have been tackling this issue for years now too, examining risks throughout the online world, but with an emphasis on the potential for cyberterrorism in 3D printed parts.

For 3D printed parts to offer functionality and high performance, many factors are “fine-tuned,” and this is what an interloper could uncover in analyzing toolpaths contained in CAD files; in fact, the researchers consider much of that data to be easily copied and stolen.

Outlined in their most recent paper, “Reverse engineering of additive manufactured composite part by toolpath reconstruction using imaging and machine learning,” the authors explain that as cyberthieves learn how to reverse engineer parameters like fiber size, volume fraction, and direction, there is greater opportunity for both “counterfeiting and unauthorized production of high-quality parts.”

(Image: “Reverse engineering of additive manufactured composite part by toolpath reconstruction using imaging and machine learning”}

“A dimensional accuracy with only 0.33% difference is achieved for the reverse engineered model,” stated the researchers.

Also working on the project were NYU Tandon grad students Kaushik Yanamandra, Guan Lin Chen, Xianbo Xu, and Gary Mac, demonstrating that fiber orientation can be intercepted with micro-CT scanned images. Loss of trade secrets means stolen intellectual property in most cases, along with what could be substantial investments in research and development costs too.

While spying via 3D printing presents obvious gray area regarding legality, theft of intellectual property is often taken much less seriously outside of the US—with countries like China being known for their irreverence toward IP law.

“Machine learning methods are being used in design of complex parts but, as the study shows, they can be a double-edged sword, making reverse engineering also easier,” said Gupta. “The security concerns should also be a consideration during the design process and unclonable toolpaths should be developed in the future research.”

[Source / Images: ‘Machine learning reveals vulnerabilities in 3D printed carbon-fiber composites’]

The post IP Security: Reverse Engineering to Test Vulnerability in 3D Printer Toolpaths appeared first on 3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing.

Make a Wireless AI Security System #piday #raspberrypi @Raspberry_Pi

From Jim Ewing, Lucas E on Hackster.io:

We took on the challenge of re-tasking a $5 Raspberry Pi Zero W computer-on-a-stick and a $25 Pi Camera using the latest software platforms available to create an intelligent security system that recognizes people in front of the camera and notifies the owner via SMS text messages or email.

Each Friday is PiDay here at Adafruit! Be sure to check out our posts, tutorials and new Raspberry Pi related products. Adafruit has the largest and best selection of Raspberry Pi accessories and all the code & tutorials to get you up and running in no time!

3D Printing Used to Create Holographic Color Prints for Enhanced Security

Researchers at the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) are constantly coming up with new discoveries and 3D printing applications, from 3D printed light shows to biocompatible hydrodgels. Now scientists at SUTD have used 3D printing to develop something that not only looks really cool, but can also be used to deter counterfeiting.

The device, which the scientists call “holographic color prints,” creates images that appear as a regular color print under white light. Under red, green or blue laser illumination, the device projects up to three different holograms. It is capable of modulating both the phase and the amplitude of light. The research is documented in a paper entitled “Holographic colour prints for enhanced optical security by combined phase and amplitude control.”

Conventional optical security devices provide authentication by manipulating a specific property of light to produce a distinctive optical signature. Microscopic color prints modulate the amplitude and holograms modulate the phase of light, but the researchers believe that this structure can be easily imitated. So they designed a pixel that overlays a structural color element onto a phase plate to control both the phase and amplitude of light. They then arrayed the pixels into monolithic prints, with each pixel strategically arranged on a plane. Nanostructured posts with different heights were used as structural colored filters to modulate the amplitude of light.

The researchers also created an algorithm that takes multiple images as its input and generates an output file to determine the positions of different phase and colored filter elements. They then used a nanoscale 3D printer to create a holoscopic print of painter Luigi Russolo’s 1910 painting “Perfume.” The color print is visible under ambient white light. Different thicknesses of polymerized cuboid were used to modulate the phase plates and form three multiplexed holograms, projected as a red thumbprint, a green key, and blue letters that read “SECURITY.” The images were embedded within the print.

The holographic color prints can be easily verified, according to the researchers, but are difficult to imitate.

“The relationship of holograms in combating counterfeiting is analogous to antibiotics against infections,” said professor Joel Yang. “Every so often, new technology is needed to deter counterfeiters as the old-fashioned holograms become easier to copy.”

The prints consist of nano 3D printed polymer structures and can be used in optical document security. Information in the prints is encoded only in the surface relief of a single polymeric material, so nanoscale 3D printing could then be used to mass manufacture customized masters by nanoimprint lithography.

“For the first time, multiple holograms that are color selective are ‘woven’ into a colorful image using advanced nanofabrication techniques,” Yang said. “We are hopeful that these new holographic color prints are user friendly but counterfeiter unfriendly: They are readily verified but challenging to copy, and can provide enhanced security in anticounterfeiting applications.”

Authors of the paper include Kevin T.P. Lim, Hailong Liu, Yejing Liu and Joel K.W. Yang.

Discuss this and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com or share your thoughts below.

[Source: Photonics.com]

Top 10 3D Printing Aerospace Stories from 2018

3D printing has played an important role in many industries over the past year, such as medical, education, and aerospace. It would take a very long time to list all of the amazing news in aerospace 3D printing in 2018, which is why we’ve chosen our top 10 stories for you about 3D printing in the aerospace industry and put them all in a single article.

Sintavia Received Approval to 3D Print Production Parts for Honeywell Aerospace

Tier One metal 3D printer manufacturer Sintavia LLC, headquartered in Florida, announced in January that it is the first company to receive internal approval to 3D print flightworthy production parts, using a powder bed fusion process, for OEM Honeywell Aerospace. Sintavia’s exciting approval covers all of Honeywell’s programs.

Boeing and Oerlikon Developing Standard Processes

Boeing, the world’s largest aerospace company, signed a five-year collaboration agreement with Swiss technology and engineering group Oerlikon to develop standard processes and materials for metal 3D printing. Together, the two companies will use the data resulting from their agreement to support the creation of standard titanium 3D printing processes, in addition to the qualification of AM suppliers that will produce metallic components through a variety of different materials and machines. Their research will focus first on industrializing titanium powder bed fusion, as well as making sure that any parts made with the process will meet the necessary flight requirements of both the FAA and the Department of Defense.

FITNIK Launched Operations in Russia

In 2017, FIT AG, a German provider of rapid prototyping and additive design and manufacturing (ADM) services, began working with Russian research and engineering company NIK Ltd. to open up the country’s market for aerospace additive manufacturing. FIT and NIK started a new joint venture company, dubbed FITNIK, which combines the best of what both companies offer. In the winter of 2018, FITNIK finally launched its operations in the strategic location of Zhukovsky, which is an important aircraft R&D center.

New Polymer 3D Printing Standards for Aerospace Industry

The National Institute for Aviation Research (NIAR) at Wichita State University (WSU), which is the country’s largest university aviation R&D institution, announced that it would be helping to create new technical standard documents for polymer 3D printing in the aerospace industry, together with the Polymer Additive Manufacturing (AMS AM-P) Subcommittee of global engineering organization SAE International. These new technical standard documents are supporting the industry’s interest in qualifying 3D printed polymer parts, as well as providing quality assurance provisions and technical requirements for the material feedstock characterization and FDM process that will be used to 3D print high-quality aerospace parts with Stratasys ULTEM 9085 and ULTEM 1010.

Premium AEROTEC Acquired APWORKS

Metal 3D printing expert and Airbus subsidiary APWORKS announced in April that it had been acquired as a subsidiary by aerostructures supplier Premium AEROTEC. Premium AEROTEC will be the sole shareholder, with APWORKS maintaining its own market presence as an independent company. Combining the two companies gave clients access to 11 production units and a wide variety of materials.

Gefertec’s Wire-Feed 3D Printing Developed for Aerospace

Gefertec, which uses wire as the feedstock for its patented 3DMP technology, worked with the Bremer Institut für Angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH (BIAS) to qualify its wire-feed 3D printing method to produce large structural aerospace components. The research took place as part of collaborative project REGIS, which includes several different partners from the aerospace industry, other research institutions, and machine manufacturers. Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy funded the project, which investigated the influence of shielding gas content and heat input on the mechanical properties of titanium and aluminium components.

Research Into Embedded QR Codes for Aerospace 3D Printing

It’s been predicted that by 2021, 75% of new commercial and military aircraft will contain 3D printed parts, so it’s vitally important to find a way to ensure that 3D printed components are genuine, and not counterfeit. A group of researchers from the NYU Tandon School of Engineering came up with a way to protect part integrity by converting QR codes, bar codes, and other passive tags into 3D features that are hidden inside 3D printed objects. The researchers explained in a paper how they were able to embed the codes in a way that they would neither compromise the integrity of the 3D printed object or be obvious to any counterfeiters attempting to reverse engineer the part.

Lockheed Martin Received Contract for Developing Aerospace 3D Printing

Aerospace company Lockheed Martin, the world’s largest defense contractor, was granted a $5.8 million contract with the Office of Naval Research to help further develop 3D printing for the aerospace industry. Together, the two will investigate the use of artificial intelligence in training robots to independently oversee the 3D printing of complex aerospace components.

BeAM And PFW Aerospace Qualified 3D Printed Aerospace Component

BeAM, well-known for its Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technology, announced a new partnership with German company PFW Aerospace, which supplies systems and components for all civilian Airbus models and the Boeing 737 Dreamliner. Together, the two worked to qualify a 3D printed aerospace component, made out of the Ti6Al4V alloy, for a large civil passenger aircraft, in addition to industrializing BeAM’s DED process to manufacture series components and testing the applicability of the method to machined titanium components and complex welding designs.

Researchers Qualified 3D Printed Aerospace Brackets

Speaking of parts qualification, a team of researchers completed a feasibility study of the Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) on a titanium alloy space bracket made with Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 3D printing, in order to ensure that its mechanical behavior and other qualities were acceptable. The researchers developed a methodology, which was implemented on a titanium based-alloy satellite bracket.

Discuss these stories and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com or share your thoughts below.

University at Buffalo tracks infill fingerprints back to source 3D printers

PrinTracker is a 3D printer identification system recently developed by researchers at the University at Buffalo in New York. With this system, 3D printed objects can be tracked back to the machine that created them. Its purpose is to help law enforcers crack down on the potential unethical and criminal use of 3D printers. Counterfeiting, […]

Sounds odd? Your 3D printer could be hacked

New research from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel, that previously showed how easy it is to hack 3D printed drones, is proposing the use of “audio fingerprints” to help 3D printing avoid cyber-attacks. The team’s research is valuable to concerns surrounding the security of 3D printing – a discussion that has tremendous value in industrial […]

Using Audio to Verify the Integrity of 3D Printed Objects

3D printing carries with it a host of security concerns. Tampering with a 3D printed object can happen remotely if someone hacks into the 3D printer while online, and no one may ever be any the wiser – until the component fails. It can be hard to verify the integrity of a 3D printed object by sight, so it takes some creativity to be able to determine that a part has not been tampered with. In a newly published paper, a group of researchers detail their method of verifying a 3D printing object’s integrity – via audio signature.

The paper, entitled “Digital Audio Signature for 3D Printing Integrity,” can be accessed here. In it, the researchers describe their tactic, which involves the acoustic side-channel emanations generated by the 3D printer’s stepper motors. Two algorithms are used to create a verification system. The first is used to generate a master “audio fingerprint” for the unaltered 3D printing process. The second is applied when the same object is 3D printed again, and it compares the audio produced during the printing process to the master fingerprint.

To evaluate the quality of the proposed thresholds, we identify the detectability thresholds for the following minimal tampering primitives: insertion, deletion, replacement, and modification of a single tool path command,” the researchers explain. “By detecting the deviation at the time of occurrence, we can stop the printing process for compromised objects, thus saving time and preventing material waste.”

The researchers who completed this study are the same who deliberately sabotaged a 3D printed drone during the printing process in order to demonstrate how disastrous such tampering can be – and how easy it is to do, and difficult to detect. A phishing attack downloaded and replaced the files for a 3D printed replacement rotor blade, adding hollow cavities inside it that were invisible once 3D printed. The team 3D printed and attached the blade to a drone, which they then flew. Once the drone reached a certain height, the blade broke off, crashing the whole thing.

“Although this sabotage only led to the loss of a $1000 drone, similar attacks on functional parts for safety-critical systems may cause tremendous monetary losses, disruptions, and loss of human life,” the researchers point out.

The new study doesn’t use any specialized equipment, instead relying on a smartphone to record the sounds produced by the 3D print in process. The verification algorithm is implemented as a cloud-based app. The method can detect deviations of individual gcode commands, alerting users to even the smallest alteration in the design file.

The paper goes on to describe how the researchers tested their method several times, using a BCN3D Sigma 3D printer. There were a few challenges to the process, such as channel mismatch, which involved the recordings being mismatched thanks to other reasons than sabotage. These included background noise, different recording positions, different recording devices, and elapsed time from the recording of the master file. With careful attention, these issues can be overcome, and the researchers explain that the algorithm is designed to overcome a certain amount of background noise.

It’s incredible that smartphones are capable of such high-quality recording, which has a negative side as well – other scientists have pointed out that it’s possible for hackers to record the sounds a 3D printer makes while printing and then use those sounds to reverse engineer and reproduce an item. It’s a constant battle between hackers and those trying to prevent hacking, with each side armed with increasingly sophisticated tools. This latest study demonstrates an excellent way to verify the integrity of a 3D printed object, however, ensuring that critical components won’t be compromised.

Authors of the paper include Sofia Belikovetsky, Yosef Solewicz, Mark Yampolskiy, Jinghui Toh, and Yuval Elovici.

Discuss this and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com or share your thoughts below.