3D Printer Just Printed a Two Story Concrete House On-Site

In a world first, the Centre for Sustainability and Innovation in Belgium has printed a house using the largest 3D concrete printer in the world. Here’s more from Twisted Sifter:

Besides the fibres in the concrete, the amount of wire-mesh reinforcement used is extremely limited. As a result of the printing technology used, formwork was redundant, saving an estimated sixty percent on material, time, and budget. In the future, an entire house could be printed in just under two days. If you add up all the days, it took just three weeks to print the house at Kamp C.

The model home was designed to showcase the technology and the potential of 3D printing. “We printed an overhang, it has heavily curved walls, different types of walls… We also incorporated solutions to the traditional thermal bridge, eliminating cold bridges altogether”, says Ascione. “We developed a low-energy house, with all the mod cons, including floor and ceiling heating, special façade solar panels and a heat pump, and we will also be adding a green roof.”

See and learn more!

Wi3DP: Experts Discuss Challenges and Trends in 3D Printing Sustainability

A virtual panel discussion and networking event by Women in 3D Printing (Wi3DP) gathered three industry experts and leaders to share their insights and experiences on sustainability trends in additive manufacturing (AM) and how they will impact the industry’s choice of materials, energy usage, and waste.

Hosted by AM-Cubed President and Founder, Kristin Mulherin, and supported by AM service company Link3D, the live event featured Ellen Jackowski, HP’s Chief Sustainability and Social Impact Officer; Sherry Handel, the newly appointed Executive Director of the Additive Manufacturer Green Trade Association (AMGTA); and Cindy Deekitwong, Global Head of Marketing and Strategy for 3D Printing at Henkel Adhesive Technologies. The group touched on several hotly debated topics, like the lack of research on the environmental benefits and challenges of AM and how to generate a fully circular economy for the industry, underlying the importance of finding ways to enhance the already visible benefits of the technology.

Mulherin asked the experts to discuss how sustainability initiatives can respond to many of the challenges facing 3D printing. For Jackowski, companies need to start making more sustainable decisions that will help move the industry forward in a responsible manner. Adding that everyone in the industry, no matter what role they play, need to have what she likes to call “sustainability contact lenses,” meaning that, even if the job description does not involve sustainability, they need to figure out a way to make decisions that will have an impact on the carbon footprint, the community, or the health and safety of a manufactured product.

“We certainly don’t want to start seeing 3D printed parts bobbing around in the ocean like we see so many other things these days. We all need to continue to drive the energy efficiency of this business,” suggested Jackowski. “For example, when you plug those 3D printers in, they suck up a lot of energy, and that is certainly an area for innovation. So, I would say that whatever part of the 3D printing industry you are in, think about your impact on sustainability. It is also crucial to understand the implications of the materials we use, where we source them from, and how our customers use them in the most sustainable manner.”

Ellen Jackowski visiting an FSC-certified forest to see responsible forest management in action. (Image courtesy of HP)

The other panelists agreed that sustainable impact is about collaborative efforts, and having everyone involved in reinventing the company for sustainable impact. Deekitwong highlighted that the technology itself lends to more efficient designs that create less waste and eco-friendly supply chains, but she believes the industry should enhance sustainability efforts by reducing fuel consumption, working with suppliers to find biorenewable materials and collaborate with ecosystem partners and consumers to recycle end-of-life parts. Deekitwong shared how Henkel’s recycling initiatives led the company to collaborate with TerraCycle to upcycle garbage from used 3D printed parts, resins, and packaging.

For Handel, who is focused on promoting the inherently positive environmental benefits of AM within key industries and the public at large, the existing research does not provide enough good metrics in data. This is why AMGTA is commissioning academic research through life-cycle assessment (LCA), to quantify and provide data and metrics on what it takes to produce a particular part via both traditional and additive manufacturing processes. Eventually, this will help the industry better understand what the eco-footprint is, and reveal some areas that will make the industry even more sustainable in the future.

Handel then centered on one of AMGTA’s core projects that will help create a more circular economy by empowering companies to develop a global set of standards to properly and cost-effectively recycle powder condensate, a vaporized metal powder that collects on the chamber walls and in the filter unit during a build process.

“The powder condensate cannot be reused and is considered a hazardous waste by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It usually ends up in a landfill, so we want to find a way to repurpose it, recycle it, and publish a a set of standards in early 2021 that we can share with our member companies and industry to help mitigate this challenge,” indicated Handel.

Then, Mulherin shared an overview of the importance of avoiding greenwashing, an unsubstantiated claim to deceive consumers into believing that a company is environmentally friendly. For both Deekitwong and Jackowski, this point is crucial, especially since both Henkel and HP have over 50,000 employees, and need to convey the message to everyone that the company’s reputation could be destroyed with one wrong move. Jackowski further described how it could be easy for employees to make a judgment call that could lean toward greenwashing, but said HP is “very aware of the boundaries of greenwashing.”

Cindy Deekitwong. (Image courtesy of Henkel Adhesive Technologies)

Both companies have seemingly strong objectives in place. For Henkel, reducing carbon footprint in operations means a 65% reduction by 2025, 75% by 2030, and becoming “climate positive” in 2040. While HP’s awareness of its responsibility around creating a circular economy led to policies to use fully recyclable materials in 3D printers.

“Our eye is looking at how we set up this industry, and as we’ve transitioned, we have seen increased adoption during the pandemic because of the flexibility and speed that 3D printing offers. But I think there are a lot of opportunities to continue to innovate and, as we stand up this industry, as we all transform from traditional manufacturing to 3D, we need to think about it holistically and doing it right from the beginning,” said Jackowski.

Sherry Handel, Executive Director of the Additive Manufacturer Green Trade Association. (Image courtesy of AMGTA)

A clear challenge for Handel is the lack of awareness of environmental management system certifications. AMGTA encourages member companies to get ISO 14001 certified, an international standard that helps set the framework for a company to benchmark where they are and help them improve environmental criteria over time, like energy use. But Handel said that “not everyone is going to be able to flip on a dime and hit the easy button to get things accomplished and starting somewhere is better than nothing,” which is why AMGTA suggests third party certifications, like the Green Business Bureau, taking companies on a pathway towards more environmentally sustainable practices.

Toward the end of the conversation, Mulherin suggested that organizations need to recognize that sustainability efforts will generate revenues, instead of simply costing the companies money. In fact, Jackowski indicated that customers are taking notice of a company’s sustainability initiatives, detailing how HP saw $1.6 billion in new sales in 2019 due to the company’s actions in sustainability, a 70% increase year over year.

“We are seeing a shift, an awakening of general consciousness in consumer behavior and purchase patterns surrounding sustainability, and we only expect it to get stronger. That provides financial motivation for everyone in this space to continue to accelerate what we are doing. Whatever part of the value chain you are in, you are going to start feeling it more: the pressure to go sustainable,” said Jackowski, who also emphasized HP’s continued commitment to sustainability since founders David Packard and Bill Hewlett created the company in 1939. “As it has evolved over the years, sustainability has gone from being founder-led to across the DNA of the company.”

The virtual event gathered a wide array of participants worldwide, most of them working in the AM industry and eager to learn about sustainable practices thriving in 3D printing. As with previous panels, this Women in 3D Printing event facilitated a networking experience both before and after the speakers virtually took the floor, with crowded tables and a lot of simultaneous chats about the importance of environmentally sound practices in additive.

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The Brittle Spear VII: New Business Models

Green begets green. If we want to save the planet, then we should make it profitable to do so. That sadly is the only real path to implementing genuinely global solutions for the hastening end of life on this planet. Our consumption is consuming our home. Our joys in life, achievements, goals are often expressed in stuff. We work for stuff which then gets dug up in one of a million places, shipped to and fro, and ends up in our possession. This stuff is increasingly fragile, shoddier quality, not meant to last long, and we are destined to hang on to it for shorter periods. Then it gets buried in the ground, awaiting perplexed archeologists. Layer upon layer of detritus.

Our layer-by-layer 3D printing solutions may yet alleviate some harm. We could repair things, extend them, repurpose things, and may yet make an aftermarket for many things. But, this is a bit like “rearranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.” Sorry to sound so morose, but plasters can’t save gangrenous limbs. What is happening, however helpful and good-natured, is a sop to a tidal wave. We need to direct the power of the invisible hand towards saving our planet. If we can force the creative solutions and power of free enterprise toward solving the world’s problems, then we stand a chance. By 3D printing money, we can save our world.      

A friend of mine opined that bike-sharing was more environmentally friendly than cars and than owning your own bicycle. Theoretically, the “sharing economy” would indeed be a boon; with an efficient allocation and fewer individual vehicles, less material would make more trips. Sadly, modern-day entrepreneurship manages to destroy even simple logical opportunities such as these. Many global cities have had problems with bike pollution as millions of inexpensive bicycles were dumped across the world. Scooter sharing platform Lime says that its scooters last five months. But, external data suggest that Lime, Bird, and other shared scooters last around 28 days. 

Every 28 days, each of these vehicles has to be replaced. But, no mind, given their low cost, this can still be profitable. Its peak human idiocy this kind of thing. But, from the company standpoint is only logical. Making better scooters would eat up more capital now, and they may then get stolen, which would be a higher risk to them. Even the most newfangled businesses that could bring huge gains for the environment as happy externalities, manage to mangle them. From an environmental standpoint, it may actually be better to give everyone their own new scooter; that’s how shoddy these things are.

Without the proper incentives, similar businesses will all come to roughly the same conclusions. Although it is notable that once cities adopt a single bike-sharing scheme throughout the town, these bikes look much more sturdy and durable. Incentives, individual decision-makers, accounting, projections, and goal setting in enterprises, therefore, have a huge impact on the detrimental or positive environmental effects of business. 

In Spain where I am now, we have a shop called Ale Hop, in other places you may have Flying Tiger. If you’re unfamiliar with either, they are direct to landfill stores. Imagine if you hunted night and day for the worst, cheapest stuff on Ali Baba and just put it all in a store. Ale Hop and Flying Tiger have single used the rest of your house, and everything in these stores is of an abysmally low quality. But, for someone willing to pass the time when there’s nothing on Netflix, buying some trinket may very well suffice.

In this example, there is no quality competitor in the space, but these stores eat away at other more honest brokers through offering cheaper products. Could we compete with such a store and make impulse buy sustainable things? Could we have an Ale Hop with all the products made out of glass, so then at least it can be readily recycled? A cork based Flying Tiger? Or in this case, would the best environmental course of action be to put cooler stuff on Netflix, so people don’t leave the house at all? 

Our cargo cult is perplexing, as are the incentives in it. This Wall-E prequel we’re living in isn’t a simple Rubik’s Cube to solve. Destroying the planet is currently free, and it is often cheaper to dig up new earth for new things than to use existing things or recycle. Taxes or grants could change that somewhat, but measures would have to be sweeping and all-encompassing. It’s hard to believe that we’ll pull off some global whip-round and hosanna sing our way into the collective glory of shared action now, though. Out of all the things we could and should do, I can only see a lever big enough to move the world on the materials side. 

If low cost recycled material could be used in wide applications in a predictable and certified way, we would use what we have much more efficiently. If we then made recycling systems more dynamic and local, we could reuse these materials in a targeted manner. The idea of putting a StuffDNA or SDNA mark on all things which would then tell you what the provenance of the thing is, what it is made of, what the material ingredients were, the MSDS etc. is still a relevant one. If that code was easily machine-readable, we could automate the recycling of many things and use things more efficiently.

We could then use a car mirror as a dashboard part, and the next cycle it could be repurposed into a dashboard filler part. If materials companies then started to see their business as one of Materials-as-a-Service then they would turn themselves into custodians of materials not destroyers of the world. With 3D printing we could in this system locally repair and recycle materials into new objects efficiently. To me, the solution would be something like this. What do you think?  

Image Credit: Kristoffer Tolle, Tony Webster, William Murphy, Paulvanderwerf, Chinnian.

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3D Printing Webinar and Virtual Event Roundup, August 23, 2020

We’ve got a lot of online events and webinars to tell you about in today’s roundup, with topics ranging from safety and sustainability to AM training and industrial 3D printing.

Autodesk’s Advanced Manufacturing Summit

Tuesday, August 25th through Thursday, August 27th, Autodesk is hosting a free, global, and virtual Advanced Manufacturing Summit, featuring speakers and sessions focused on CAM, injection molding, generative design, additive manufacturing, automation, and other design and manufacturing trends. In addition to networking time and some hands-on learning sessions, and a COVID success story, there will be a keynote presentation each day.

All keynotes will take place at 11 am EDT. On the 25th, Autodesk’s Vice President of Business Strategy for Design & Manufacturing, Srinath Jonnalagadda, and Neil Briggs, founder of UK auto manufacturer BAC Mono, will discuss adapting to and overcoming the challenges posed by manufacturing in a post-COVID world. Autodesk’s Associate Vice President of Engineering, Ian Pendlebury, and Engel’s Head of Process Technologies, Dr. Johannes Kilian, will focus on data connectivity in their keynote on the 26th. Finally, Brian Betty, Ultimaker’s Director of Business Development, Autodesk’s Leanne Gluck, the Manager of Business and Industry Strategy, and Jabil’s Senior Director of Digital Manufacturing, Rush LaSelle, will talk about the role of AM in agile manufacturing. You can register for the three-day summit here.

Safe 3D Printing with Rize

Boston-based additive manufacturing company Rize will discuss safe 3D printing in a webinar at 2 pm EDT on Wednesday, August 26th. The webinar will cover several topics, such as the four stage of safe 3D printing, the company itself and its technology and materials, and the story of how the company fared working remotely during COVID-19.

“Because of our focus on overall 3D printing safety, we were able to adapt and bring our printers home as well as assist the community with the COVID PPE effort.”

You can register for the webinar here. Once you’ve registered, a confirmation email will be sent to you with information on how to join.

Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing

Also on the 26th, from 11 am to 1 pm EDT, Women in 3D Printing (Wi3DP) is hosting its next virtual panel and network event, “Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing,” sponsored by Link3D. Kristin Mulherin, the Founder and Fresident of AM-Cubed, will be moderating, and the speakers will be HP’s appointed Chief Sustainability Officer Ellen Jackowski, Henkel’s Global Head of Marketing Cindy Deekitwong, and Sherry Handel, the Executive Director of the Additive Manufacturing Green Trade Association (AMTGA).

“We’ll have plenty of time for a live Q&A from the attendees, and networking before and after for an opportunity to “virtually mingle” with people from your local Wi3DP chapters and afar. With men and women participating from all over the world, join us for this global networking opportunity!”

You can register for the event here.

3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey Continues

Earlier this month, Dassault Systèmes held the first part of its 3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey, a series of digital programming which is replacing its annual 3DEXPERIENCE Forum. The journey is continuing on Wednesday, August 26th, with “Fueling Innovation for the New Agile Enterprise.” Two tracks—Collaborative Innovation and Supercharge Innovation with the 3DEXPERIENCE Platform—will be available for participants, and each one will be jam-packed with industry experts and other speakers.

“What if your organization could seamlessly connect and bring together multiple streams of data, people, and processes into one single platform?  These senior executives from Dassault Systemes will present how leading enterprises are redefining and enabling a new, more efficient way to innovate and collaborate across internal and external value networks.”

Several subject matter experts will also share how they’re finding new, more efficient ways to innovate and collaborate through their presentations. Episode 2 sessions will be available online at 9 AM ET on the 26th. You can register for 3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey here, and don’t forget to mark your calendar for the final two sessions on September 23rd and October 14th.

Additive Manufacturing Training with Tooling U-SME

On Thursday, August 27th, The Barnes Global Advisors (TBGA) is presenting an exclusive webinar with educational technology and blended learning nonprofit Tooling U-SME, called “Additive Manufacturing gets Better, Faster and Cheaper with Training!” TBGA ADDvisors Tim Simpson and Chelsea Cummings will join the company’s Founding Director John Barnes to talk about how organizations can use team-based learning to save costs and develop skills in additive manufacturing.

“One goal of AM training is to provide guidance to organizations in recognizing cost savings opportunities. To do this, engineers must begin to design with AM in mind. Without that central shift in development, AM would never make business sense. With that simple shift, it is possible to design out significant cost drivers.”

The webinar will take place at 1 pm EDT, and you can register here.

Mimaki Talks Industrial 3D Printing

This roundup’s final webinar is also on the 27th, and is the last of Mimaki‘s Live events series, which was launched in June. This free Industrial Market Edition will focus on how COVID-19 impacted the industrial and manufacturing sector, and how businesses can recover and reactivate. This exclusive live-stream event will feature several expert guest speakers, who will share with attendees how they can discover their own unique opportunities with both UV and 3D printing technologies.

The webinar will also feature a panel discussion between several of Mimaki’s industrial partners and media suppliers, in addition to opinion polls and the chance to ask questions. The webinar will go from 6-8:30 am EDT, and you can register here. You can check out the recording of the previous Mimaki Live webinar about the textile and apparel market below:

Will you attend any of these events and webinars, or have news to share about future ones? Let us know! 

The post 3D Printing Webinar and Virtual Event Roundup, August 23, 2020 appeared first on 3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing.

3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey, Part 1

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, this year’s 3DEXPERIENCE Forum by Dassault Systèmes had to be re-imagined as a virtual event, just like so many other conferences. At 1 pm EDT on July 29th, nearly two months after the in-person event was meant to have taken place in Florida, the company began the live stream of the Plenary Session for “3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey,” a series of digital programming that replaced the annual North America customer event.

Unfortunately, the webinar seemed to be having issues, which continued on and off over the next two hours of the live stream, so I missed pieces here and there. Technical difficulties happen all the time at live events, too, so the only real difference here was that I couldn’t raise my hand and say, “I’m sorry, the audio and picture cut out, could you repeat that please?” Luckily, Dassault had the webinar up to view on-demand the very next day, so I was able to go back and check out the parts that I had missed.

Erik Swedberg, Managing Director, North America, Dassault Systèmes, got things started with his segment on “Business in the Age of Experience: Challenges and Opportunities for North America,” which focused on manufacturing and supply chains, and why companies looking to transform, some sooner than they’d hoped due to the pandemic, should “invent the industry of tomorrow,” rather than trying to digitize the past or the present.

“Yesterday, businesses focused on automation of the manufacturing system; this is Industry 4.0. Today, many industrials are digitizing the enterprise system. It’s not enough. You need to create experiences. Tomorrow, the game changers will be those with the best developed knowledge and know-how assets. Why? Simple. Because the Industry Renaissance is about new categories of new industrials creating new categories of solutions for new categories of consumers,” Swedberg said.

He mentioned Tesla and Amazon, companies in Silicon Valley working to create autonomous vehicles, and fab labs creating and printing smart, connected objects.

“The 3DEXPERIENCE platform is a platform for knowledge and know-how—a game changer, collaborative environment that empowers businesses and people to innovate in an entirely new way,” he continued. “Digital experience platforms for industry, urban development, and healthcare will become the infrastructure for the 21st century.”

Swedberg explained how 3DEXPERIENCE can allow any business to become social, by connecting employee innovation into the system where the company’s products are designed. This was a common theme today, which you’ll be able to see later.

He also explained that, with Dassault’s 13 brand applications—such as SIMULIA, CATIA, and SOLIDWORKS—the company can serve a wide variety of industries, helping its customers on their journey to invent tomorrow’s industry.

“In summation, we are in the experience economy, the Industry Renaissance is here, and world events are accelerating the need for digital transformation. As the world changes, we will partner with you for success,” Swedberg concluded. “We have the people and the insights to help you on your journey.”

Dassault’s Vice Chairman & CEO Bernard Charlès was up next, speaking about “From Things to Life.” He first said that he hoped no one on the live stream, or their loved ones and colleagues, had been impacted by the COVID-19 crisis.

“We’ve gone through a tough time, all of us. And we are with you, and we are learning a lot also from the crisis,” Charlès said.

Even though I’ve worked from home for nearly four years now, other aspects of my life have been turned upside down in the last few months, and I felt a kind of solidarity whenever the session’s speakers brought up how all of our lives, and our industry, have changed. Charlès also congratulated everyone signed into the live stream on working together, and continuing to innovate, during the pandemic; the continuing health crisis was another theme that threaded throughout the plenary session.

He said that the 3DEXPERIENCE platform is about inclusiveness, “because it means ideas and people connecting.” He shared some of the work that 3DEXPERIENCE users had accomplished during the recent and varied quarantines, such as creating respirators, improving logistics, and working to make the quality of airflow in hospitals better. He said that all of these projects were done on the 3DEXPERIENCE cloud.

“So many of you accelerated the cloud implementation, to be able to work from anywhere, especially from home, during confinement time.”

He mentioned that we are moving from a product economy to an experience economy, and that, in the long run, companies will continue to produce, and maintain ownership of, products and services throughout the life cycle, while their customers will get to enjoy the experience.

“That will accelerate innovation for a sustainable world,” Charlès said.

Next, he talked about a few companies that have been using the 3DEXPERIENCE platform for interesting projects, like California-based Canoo, which dreams about refining urban mobility with an electric vehicle that can be used as a service or subscription, rather than being owned by individuals.

In order to create innovation, Charlès said, you need to be sure that your digital platform will work, and Canoo stated that 3DEXPERIENCE hit the mark here, helping to speed things up in the product development process.

He then talked about Arup, a company that’s using the 3DEXPERIENCE platform to create a virtual Hong Kong for city planning purposes. Arup is working to make Hong Kong a smart city, and the platform is helping the company in this endeavor; for example, Arup and Dassault just completed a project called the Common Spatial Data Infrastructure Built Environment Application platform…say that three times fast.

Finally, Charlès explained that the role of life sciences is to “protect what we care about,” and said that industry pioneers are coming up with new and different ways to diagnose and care for people. He stated that creating new healthcare experiences is a complex project, because it means converting big data into smart data and simulating real world situations in a virtual world. Luckily, 3DEXPERIENCE can help with this.

“3DEXPERIENCE…is a system of operation, because the platform can help you run your business, and the platform should also help you invent a new business model,” Charlès concluded. “The common values across all the industries we serve is putting the human at the center of everything we do.”

Next, Renee Pasman, Director of Integrated Systems at Skunk Works for Lockheed Martin, provided an overview of using the digital thread, and the 3DEXPERIENCE platform, for the product lifecycle, “and how Lockheed Martin is leveraging it to drive increased affordability, efficiency and collaboration throughout the lifecycle.”

“…Our projects cover the entire product life cycle that you might imagine from an aerospace and defense type of program, all the way from conceptual design through modeling and simulation, manufacturing, to sustainment and end of life,” she explained. “And one key part of the Skunk Works culture in the last 75 years has been very close collaboration across all of those areas. What we’ve learned as we have started this digital thread initiative is that by giving our workforce these latest tools, we’ve been able to make that collaboration easier, to be able to make it go faster, to be able to bring data in sooner, make better decisions, see what the impacts are of those decisions, and use that to guide where we are going.”

She explained that the product lifecycle “really starts with design,” and said that by starting this new Near Term Digital Thread/Affordability initiative and giving its workforce the 3DEXPERIENCE tools, Skunk Works has learned that collaboration is faster and stronger, and that we “make better decisions to guide where we’re going.”

We’ve all heard about this issue before—there are two versions of an important product document, and some people update one, while others update the other, and no one has a clear idea of which version is correct and most up-to-date. It’s frustrating to say the least. But Pasman noted that by using the 3DEXPERIENCE product lifecycle management platform, “we’re starting to see efficiency benefits now.”

Pasman also said that the Skunk Works team has learned something “unexpected” with the platform, and that’s the social collaboration it provides, which allows users to “make changes with a level of certainty.”

“We hadn’t necessarily focused on this area, but our teams really used this environment to collaborate better, and found it to be very useful to have all information in that single source of truth.”

Pasman also noted the usefulness of having a life cycle digital twin, as it “allows us to tie it all the way back not just to manufacturing but actually back into design, and making sure the data flows in the digital twin seamlessly.”

“I think if you talk to maintainers or sustainment and users, there’s a lot of time spent putting data into different systems. By making it easier to do that, it allows people to focus on the hard parts of their job, and not just the data entry parts,” she explained. “Collaboration between different areas and getting data flowing is where we see a lot of the benefit from 3DEXPERIENCE, from affordability and product quality perspectives. We’re focused now on how to take the next step in this journey and improve schedule and affordability to fit into the market space that we are working in today. That’s where a lot of the work from our digital thread initiatives have been focused.”

Next up, Craig Maxwell, the Vice President and Chief Technology and Innovation Officer for Ohio-based motion and control technologies leader Parker Hannifin, spoke about “Simple By Design.” The multinational company has been integrating some of the tools that Dassault has been developing over the past few years, which has been valuable to the company.

“When we look at any enterprise or business, we saw these as opportunities that would manifest themselves as complexity,” he said in reference to the image below. “An average customer experience, which might be the ability to ship on time, with high and consistent quality. Of course, inconsistent delivery would manifest itself as complexity. High cost would be complexity…and then all of this would beget complexity in its many forms.”

GIPI = Global Industrial Performance Index

He said that all of these complexities can add up to new opportunities to take the company on the path to high performance. Maxwell also explained that the company’s traditional simplification efforts had revolved around design and organizational structure, explaining that 80% of any business’s profits and sales come from 20% of its portfolio.

“So by slicing and dicing that, could we eliminate complexity? The answer is a resounding yes,” Maxwell said.

He explained that 70% of a product’s cost is design, while 30% is labor and overhead, like lean manufacturing and the supply chain. The key is to spend less time on L&O, or conventional simplification, and work harder to reduce business complexity in that 70% design range. He said there are hundreds and thousands of decisions made on the L&O side, which, while easier to change, had a more limited impact on the long life cycles of their products.

“There were processes in place that we felt could address that reactively, not proactively,” he said.

With design, the decisions made were “relatively few and quick,” even though they could make a significant impact, because they would be difficult to change, mainly due to expensive tooling.

“We believe that if we can address design complexity, it would enable us to move faster and to grow by taking market share,” Maxwell said.

He explained that the cross-functional team Parker Hannifin set up to address “new” product complexity in a proactive way knew early on that there are two different value streams of Simple by Design.

“New products, for sure, but also core products,” he said. “If you look at where the money is, new products get a lot of attention, but our business is core products…they’re undergoing revisions constantly because our customers are asking for things that are different.”

The team decided to tackle new products first, and spent a lot of time working on design-related objectives, which is where they thought “a lot of the complexity and cost was being created.” He explained that the team wanted to keep the customer at the center of their attention, figure out what their pain points were and what they wanted, and get rid of the things that didn’t add value.

“The first principle of Simple by Design is design with Forward Thinking. With that deep customer engagement, anticipate what your customers are going to ask for in the future,” he explained. “Are there things we can do to the design of the product that, without increasing cost, that will allow us to make changes to it at a later date? The second principle is Design to Reduce, so to reduce complexity, can we reduce the number of new parts that we have, can we reduce the number of new suppliers we have? Can we eliminate proprietary materials that might be hard to come by?

“Design to Reuse – can we reuse parts that already exist? Why do we need to invent new when we’ve already got very similar or exactly what we need released into the system…and then finally, if we do the first three, we should see flow in the factory. We should not see the kind of bottlenecks that we experience today.”

Maxwell said that Dassault comes in with software tools that provide access to data, which “is the big game changer.” He talked about all of the many books and catalogs that were in his office at the beginning of his career, noting that engineers today just can look at all of this information online, because they have access to data. Parker Hannifin estimates that it has about 26 million active part numbers, which is a lot to keep track of, and Maxwell said that roughly 45% of a typical design engineer’s time is spent searching for information.

“So if I had access to the data behind that 26 million part numbers, what would happen? And today, I’m not embarrassed to say that generally we don’t. There’s a lot of things that we do many many times, we’re a very diversified company, we’re global, ” Maxwell said. “It’s not unusual for people to spend their entire career here in the company and not talk to a lot of other operating divisions…outside of the one they work in. So what if I could connect them and give them access to information, what kind of leverage might I enjoy?”

He brought up the company’s usage of Dassault’s EXALEAD OnePart, which can give multiple division access to this kind of information. Maxwell said that this software was used “early on in testing and in value creation,” which was very helpful in finding duplicate parts or component-level parts that already exist in the system, so no one had to create a new part.

Below is a test case he showed of Parker successfully using Dassault tools. FET is an industry-standard 6000 PSI thread to connect couplings, and there are a lot of competitors for parts like this. The company was working to design a new series that was more of a premium product than the original FET.

“We applied simplified design principles,” he explained. “There’s four different sizes, it was bespoke, very distinct from the FET series that was standard. It was fully validated and ready for launch. But it added 147 component parts to the value stream.”

The team focused here, and used the simplified design principles to make the decision to recycle the validated part, and go back to the drawing board.

“Is there an opportunity for us to reuse some of the parts that already exist in the FET series in the new 59 series, but still maintaining the 59 series’ premium features and benefits?”

You can see the results of keeping things simplified above—123 parts were eliminated, while keeping the series at 100% function. The new 59 series shares 90% of its components with the original FET series, and no additional capital was spent on equipment. Costs and inventory went down, and delivery went up, which Maxwell called a “great example of flow.”

Swedberg then introduced Florence Verzelen, Executive Vice President, Industry, Marketing, Global Affairs and Workforce of the Future for Dassault Systèmes, who would discuss “How to Transform the New Normal into an Opportunity.”

She opened by discussing how the COVID-19 crisis has changed everything, such as having to stay home and social distancing, and I’m sure we all agreed with this statement. But now we’re entering a new phase of building back after the pandemic, and building back better, as businesses reopen.

“How do you think you managed during COVID?” she asked. “Are you ready to transform, to perform better in the new normal world? Do you know how to become more resilient and therefore be prepared for the next crisis?”

Verzelen discussed some of the stark numbers coming out of the pandemic, such as 53 million—the number of jobs considered to be “at risk” during confinement and quarantine.

“In the 21st century, we have never seen a crisis of this amplitude,” she said. “And when it happens, as industry leaders, there are really two things, two imperatives, we should consider. Ensure the survival of our company, and contribute to the safeguard of the economy.”

There are five actions to take here, and the first priority is to protect employees and make sure they can safely do their jobs.

Verzelen explained that the 3DEXPERIENCE tool SIMULIA can help with this in many ways, such as simulating the airflow in a building’s corridors. She also said that companies can “implore their employees to work from home” without disruption, which is possible thanks to Dassault’s cloud solution.

The second thing necessary to keep your company surviving is maintaining its financial health.

“COVID-19 has affected the liquidity of many companies,” she said. “Less revenue, more costs…and in order to make decisions, you need to be able to build a scenario.”

Online sales can help keep companies afloat during a crisis, and also help maintain the connection to customers. Dassault can help with these as well through its data analytics solutions and digital tools. Adapting your company’s marketing and sales for an online experience is the third way to ensure its survival.

The fourth thing is to safeguard the supply chain. The disruption of one supplier can decimate production all the way down the whole chain, which can include suppliers in locations all over the world.

“During a crisis, it becomes essential to know where the weak points are,” Verzelen said. “This again we can do thanks to digitalization and thanks to data analytics.”

Finally, companies need to help the ecosystem, otherwise it will not survive. Dassault made sure that all of its solutions and tools were readily available on the cloud so that all customers could continue to work to keep the ecosystem going.

But, even though the world is slowly coming out of confinement, Verzelen warns that “it’s not over yet.” The use of automation will likely increase, and e-commerce is skyrocketing in Italy.

“It’s the beginning of a new phase. It’s the beginning of what we call the new normal.”

A lot of decisions need to be made when you’re restarting a business. Again, Dassault can help with this by building scenarios, so companies know the right steps to take, and in what order, to successfully reopen.

“We all have to change,” Verzelen said. “We’re developing new capabilities for employees, and making learning experiences available online to make sure your teams are ready. Returning to business probably means we need to rethink our supply chain, and we know that a contact-limited economy is here to stay. So you should push for e-commerce, and be prepared to work in contact-limited economy.”

She stated that the 3DEXPERIENCE allows companies to “unlock unlimited value,” and help us cope during this new normal.

“There are many ways to be resilient, and all of those ways are linked to innovation and sustainability.”

The paradigm has changed, and we need to be realistic going forward, and focus on sustainability in operations and business models, such as turning to additive manufacturing if your usual supplier can’t get you what you need in time.

“With the 3DEXPERIENCE platform you can create this kind of business model…create more efficiently, design more quickly,” she said.

“In a nutshell, we are going through very difficult times right now…But this crisis can also be seen as an opportunity to rethink what we do, and build back better.”

Finally, Swedberg introduced three additional Dassault panelists for the final discussion: Dr. Ales Alajbegovic, Vice President, SIMULIA Industry Process Success & Services; Garth Coleman, Vice President, ENOVIA Advocacy Marketing; and Eric Green, DELMIA’s Brand Marketing Vice President. These three are in charge of the content for the rest of 3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey, as it continues on:

  • “Fueling Innovation for the New Agile Enterprise,” August 26th
  • “Modeling & Simulation, Additive Manufacturing,” September 23rd
  • “Enabling Business Continuity Using the Cloud,” October 14th

L-R: Swedberg, Green, Coleman, Alajbegovic

Green said that three themes would be articulated in these upcoming sessions, all of which will fall under the “sustainable operations” umbrella: data-driven decision-making, leveraging agile success and being agile for success, and business resiliency. Coleman mentioned that the many customer references and testimonials found on the 3DEXPERIENCE site provide many examples of how the platform has helped customers innovate across every industry…even wine-making! Dr. Alajbegovic said that they are “very excited” about the upcoming modeling and simulation sessions and additive manufacturing panels.

“In our sessions, we will look at ways to enable the marriage between modeling and simulation, thus revolutionizing design,” Dr. Alajbegovic said.

It’s not too late to register for 3DEXPERIENCE: A Virtual Journey, so sign up today to enjoy access to further digital programming from Dassault Systèmes.

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The Sustainability of 3D Printing: Myth or Reality?

Historically, quality, cost and delivery have been the primary drivers for decision making within manufacturing. Today, another word is on the minds of executives: Sustainability.

Sustainability is increasingly important in consumer decision making, with younger consumers flocking to brand that are “greener” than their competition. Sustainability initiatives can blunt the effects of fluctuations in energy prices and availability of material resources. And tracking to sustainability KPIs enables companies to get ahead of regulation that will penalize their carbon footprints. Regardless of your sector, sustainability must be a core part of your business.

A common claim is that 3D printing enables a more sustainable supply chain: By enabling manufacturing at the point of use, 3D printing reduces the carbon footprint that would naturally occur due to part transportation. 3D printing is a low-waste process, requiring less raw material compared to subtractive manufacturing methods. A search of the literature has produced a limited number of studies accounting for the entire life cycle of 3D printed parts.

So, we actually tested this theory: we compared the life cycle of a mass manufactured injection molded part produced in China and a locally 3D-printed part.

Experiment Methodology

Using a generic car mobile phone holder as a case study, we developed a methodology to compare the carbon footprints of centralized and distributed manufacturing for cheap, mass-produced products.

We purchased a phone holder from a supplier in China through Amazon and analyzed the entire supply chain, from processing the polymer pellets in the injection molding machine to the part arriving at our doorstep. We also examined the entire process chain for the 3D printed counterpart, produced on a consumer 3D printer.

Figure 1: Final product (left), Injection molding components (middle) and 3D printing platform (right).

The results, as defined by the total carbon footprint, were as follows:

  Mass Manufactured (Kg CO2) 3D Printing (Kg CO2)
Material 1.035 1.260
Manufacturing 0.150 0.480
Transport 0.017 0.001
Life Usage 0.180 0.200
Total 1.382 1.941

While 3D printing required less energy in transportation, it used much more energy in production. This result is typical: Often, 3D printing machines require 10x the energy to process 1KG of material compared to injection molding and 100x compared to CNC machining.

A casual observer might note from the images above that the 3D-printed part required printing additional material that does not end up in the final part. These “support structures” are often a necessary part of the 3D printing process. Build errors can also be common (especially in consumer-level 3D printers) and our analysis takes that into account. With experience in 3D printing, both support structures and build risk can be reduced, but not eliminated entirely.

Reviewing the results of the carbon footprint during the transportation phase, the mass manufactured part travelled from a port in China to our location, while the 3D printed part travelled minimally (i.e. ABS from the factory to our office,) resulting in a significant difference.

Finally, the actual life usage carbon foot print was relatively similar between the two (50 vs 54g, respectively), simply because the weight of each part was within a margin of error.

So, 3D printing is not sustainable?

Clearly, the widely-accepted talking point that 3D printing is inherently more sustainable than traditional manufacturing is false. As we showed with the phone holder, often mass manufacturing is both more economically viable and more sustainable, especially for parts that require large volumes and can be produced by traditional manufacturing.

Our example exposes a wider problem with how engineers and organizations think about adopting new technologies. In our experiment, we took a common, mass-produced part that was designed for injection molding, “hit print” and analyzed the results. In an effort to show a relatable use case, we simplified too much, but in doing so we demonstrated a larger, more important point: 3D printing isn’t a drop-in replacement for traditional manufacturing, but we often treat it that way because we don’t know any better.

We’d go even further to say that, if you’re not planning on taking advantage of specific capabilities of 3D printing, you shouldn’t bother; 3D printing very rarely provides advantages as a drop-in replacement to traditional manufacturing.

If 3D printing isn’t a drop-in replacement, how do we start using it in ways that make sense? Using 3D printing to drive sustainability requires understanding what these tools can do, how to best deploy them, and where they can fill in the holes in your business model. We need to start Thinking AdditivelyTM.

First, consider the design freedoms available with 3D printing. Utilize the design freedoms of additive to optimize the part, whilst maintaining structural requirements and achieving an acceptable cost. By Thinking Additively, designers can unlock three primary benefits:

  • Less Material Less raw material is needed to create the part and build support structures. The less material needed, the lower the fossil fuel consumption and associated energy.
  • Less Processing Less material handling and post-processing directly correlates to less energy required to print the part.
  • Less Weight – Lighter weight parts directly reduce greenhouse gas emissions both during transportation and life usage.

In our case, after redesigning the phone holder, we found we could reduce the weight from 54g to 32g, resulting in a 40% carbon footprint reduction, or 15% lower carbon footprint than injection molding.

Second, explore what additive can do for the way you design and develop products. Thinking about additive as a drop-in replacement gets us prototypes, but truly Thinking Additively opens up many more possibilities to both iterate internally faster and to bring customers into the design process.

In traditional manufacturing, once design is finalized, tooling is created, production begins at scale, and iterating becomes vastly more expensive; any change can mean scrapping and recreating tooling, discarding thousands of already-produced pieces, or re-stocking warehouses across the globe.

Your early adopter customers are often the most critical, but also the most invested in your product, yet using traditional manufacturing means that the waste inherent in change grows exponentially just before you have access to the truest feedback on your product. This is not the case with additive; as lower economic production quantities mean that you can pivot quickly, with reduced waste.

Finally, start Thinking Additively about your business model. Additive can improve the sustainability of the entire lifecycle of your product. Some additional green aspects of 3D printing may include:

  • Reduced Inventory: While we have explained the financial benefits of spare parts, by not having warehouses full of inventory saves on raw material usage, storage energy and arguably saving on throwing away parts after sitting on shelves for years.
  • Material Processing: The arrival of global materials manufacturers in the 3D printing space (e.g. Solvay, BASF) will likely make material processing more efficient due to economies of scale.
  • Product Efficiency: The benefit doesn’t stop once the part is manufactured. Improving efficiency can make processes more sustainable (e.g. improved fuel nozzle designs equate to improved fuel efficiencies). Moreover, thanks to design freedoms, assembly can be manufactured with single parts in the same material making the product more recyclable.
  • Repair and Refurbishment: Because 3D printing works by adding material on top of a layer, it is well suited for repairing components. Parts can be fixed by adding material where needed; previously disposable parts can be economically repairable.
  • Waste into production materials: Because 3D printing can use recycled materials more readily than traditional manufacturing, it opens up the potential for circular economies, where waste can be reprocessed into entirely new products, such as recycling 3D printed prototypes back into feedstock for new prototypes.

In summary, 3D printing can be a green manufacturing method, but truly unlocking its potential as a sustainability enabler in your business requires Thinking Additively. As a user, you must understand when, where, and how to deploy the tool not only in product design, but throughout your product’s lifecycle. The business value of 3D printing is rarely in simply producing a cheaper part, but rather in a combination of lead time reduction, risk mitigation, and supply chain efficiencies. Similarly, with the sustainability of 3D printing, the environmental value of 3D printing is found in low volume manufacturing, reduced inventory, and reduced material waste.

The largest irony in this is that the 3D printer OEMs have a lot to learn about how the tools they created can drive sustainability within their own businesses. In many ways these companies see themselves as traditional manufacturers of industrial machinery and are consequently change-averse. Perhaps the biggest leap forward in using 3D printing as a sustainability enabler could be driven by the 3D printer OEMs themselves if they adopted sustainability as a core strategy and drove their business to sustainability KPIs. Often the best way to catalyze change is by leading by example.

Loïc Le Merlus (Manager)

Loïc focus on solving customer problems. Working closely with our clients, using data analysis, his proprietary software and algorithms, or reading research papers, he identifies the possible solutions and understand the economic impact that 3D printing and additive manufacturing could have on their businesses. Loïc has 10 years leading projects to quantify the impact of the technology, working with users and vendors across the additive manufacturing industry.

Kunal Mehta (Managing Director)

Kunal is responsible for leading the global business of Blueprint and focuses on driving adoption of 3D printing across start-ups, Fortune 500s and governments. With his extensive experience deploying numerous emerging technologies, Kunal possesses a unique perspective in helping organizations achieve high performance by designing and executing additive strategies to reshape their manufacturing processes – consistently providing customers with a differentiated, more profitable, and more satisfying experience.

[Feature image courtesy of Little Planet Factory.]

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AMGTA Commissions First Research Project on Environmental Sustainability of Metal 3D Printing

In November, the non-commercial, global trade group AMGTA, or the Additive Manufacturer Green Trade Association, was launched in order to promote the many environmental, green benefits of using additive manufacturing (AM) rather than conventional technology. The AMGTA has just commissioned its first university research project, which will be a systematic review of the environmental sustainability of metal 3D printing. The review will be literature-based, and will look at existing studies focused on the environmental benefits of the technology.

Based in Hollywood, Florida, the non-profit AMGTA is unaffiliated, meaning it is open to any industry stakeholder or additive manufacturer who meets specific criteria that are related to sustainability in processes and production.

“The AMGTA seeks to educate the public and industry about these positive environmental benefits, promote the adoption of AM as an alternative to traditional manufacturing, develop best practices for additive manufacturing, and help the organization’s members grow their businesses and acquire new customers,” the website states. “In order to accomplish these goals, the AMGTA will engage in marketing and advertising campaigns, sponsor and conduct research and publish the results, and grow the organization’s membership.”

3D printing has many benefits in terms of sustainability. For instance, it uses less material, which equals less waste, and also uses less energy than other processes. Additionally, parts can also be fabricated closer to the consumer, so that helps lower the carbon footprint as well by reducing, or even negating, shipping travel.

According to Sherry Handel, the AMGTA’s Executive Director, the commissioned research paper will be “…describing where metal additive manufacturing provides environmental benefits compared to older manufacturing methods.”

“This research may also reveal areas in the manufacturing process where AM could cause higher environmental impacts than older manufacturing methods. Through rigorous, independent and ongoing research the AMGTA will publish research findings and share with industry and other key stakeholders what our eco-footprint is now and what we will need to focus on in the future to be more sustainable.”

The AMGTA announced that it has chosen Dr. Jeremy Faludi, PhD, LEED AP BD+C, a design strategist and sustainable engineering researcher, to oversee the project. With degrees from UC Berkeley, Stanford University, and Reed College, Dr. Faludi is currently an assistant professor of design engineering at the Technical University of Delft (TU Delft) in the Netherlands, focused on green 3D printing and design for the circular economy. He has previously taught at Stanford and the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, and is also an adjunct faculty member of engineering at Dartmouth College’s Thayer School of Engineering.

Dr. Jeremy Faludi, PhD, LEED AP BD+C

“We are excited to announce our first research project and thrilled to be able to work with Dr. Faludi. This project will provide our membership and the public in general with an excellent survey of existing research on the sustainability benefits of AM. Dr. Faludi is a renowned researcher within this field, and we are looking forward to understanding better the existing scope of research on this topic,” Handel said.

Discuss this story and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com or share your thoughts in the Facebook comments below.

(Images: Additive Manufacturer Green Trade Association)

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Sustainable Cabin Built on 3D-Printed Concrete Stilts from Infested Ash Wood

Our house had several ash trees in the front and back yard while I was growing up, and we lost three of them due to various acts of nature. Ash is a very soft wood, which is how we lost one to high winds, and another split at the top because it wasn’t well-supported at the bottom. The third was removed because it had been infected by the invasive Emerald Ash Borer beetle, a nasty little bugger that’s not even native to the US but is here wreaking havoc anyway.

Obviously, ash trees that have been infected and destroyed by the EAB aren’t often used for construction purposes, both because sawmills can’t process the wood, and due to their odd, irregular shapes. These trees are then usually burned or left to decompose, neither of which is a great option.

“Unfortunately, both scenarios release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and so the advantage to using compromised ash for construction is that is that it both binds the carbon to the earth and offsets the harvesting of more commonly used wood species,” said Sasa Zivkovic, the Co-Principal of New York-based architecture studio HANNAH.

The Ithaca studio—founded in 2014 by Zivkovic, along with fellow co-principal Leslie Lok, Alexander Chmarin, and Alexander Graf—worked with a group of Cornell University students to create the tiny but striking Ashen Cabin, located off the grid in upstate New York. The collaborative project was meant to be a small-scale study regarding sustainable construction, and combined EAB-infested ash wood with 3D printing to build the cabin.

“By implementing high precision 3D scanning and robotic based fabrication technology, HANNAH transforms Emerald-Ash-Borer-infested “waste wood” into an abundantly available, affordable, and sustainable building material. From the ground up, digital design and fabrication technologies are intrinsic to the making of this architectural prototype, facilitating fundamentally new material methods, tectonic articulations, and forms of construction,” the studio’s website states.

As architects are looking to construct houses more sustainably, these kinds of small, off-grid residences are becoming more popular housing options, and Ashen Cabin definitely fits the bill. The tiny residence, featuring walls made of infested ash wood, is elevated by 3D-printed concrete stilts, which form the angular base of the cabin and its heavy, hulking extrusions.

HANNAH stated, “The project aims to reveal 3D printing’s idiosyncratic tectonic language by exploring how the layering of concrete, the relentless 3D deposition of extruded lines of material, and the act of corbelling can suggest new strategies for building.”

All of the cabin’s 3D-printed concrete shapes, including the tall, curved chimney and fireplace, furniture, textured floor, and prismatic legs, have a distinct linear pattern that features jagged edges. By using 3D printing, HANNAH was able to lower its carbon footprint and reduce waste by using less material than would normally be required, as a concrete mold was unnecessary.

Lok explained, “By using 3D printing, we eliminate the use of wasteful formwork and can deposit concrete smartly and only where structurally necessary, reducing its use considerably while also maintaining a building’s integrity.”

Concrete was also used to 3D print a unique seating platform, which can be opened up to use for storage. A bench made of marine-grade plywood, painted black to offer a pleasing contrast to the light siding, extends out from the seat in order to form a single bed.

A robotic arm with a band saw attachment cut the irregular ash logs into curving boards of different thicknesses. Both the exterior and interior of Ashen Cabin are covered with the wavy timber panels, which also define the structure’s four, black plywood-framed windows and were used to create other architectural features, like surfaces and shelving, inside.

The studio explained, “The curvature of the wood is strategically deployed to highlight moments of architectural importance such as windows, entrances, roofs, canopies, or provide additional programmatic opportunities such as integrated shelving, desk space, or storage.”

Focusing on the aesthetics of the cabin, the wood boards will naturally turn grey over time, so that the siding will eventually match the color of the concrete. Its 3D-printed concrete floors feature interlocking designs, and the windows are all oriented so they face the surrounding wooded landscape. The scenery makes it look like any residents of Ashen Cabin will be in their own little world.

Speaking of off-grid living, Ashen Cabin does not have power or running water. The temperature is regulated through its wood-burning fireplace and foam insulation, while a small camping sink, also 3D-printed out of concrete, provides the water.

Discuss this news and other 3D printing topics at 3DPrintBoard.com or share your thoughts in the comments below.

(All photos taken by Andy Chen, HANNAH)

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Biopolymers Used to 3D Print Large-scale Marine Fender

As discussed in our series on the role of 3D printing and polymers in (averting or contributing to) ecological collapse, biopolymers may be a crucial factor in the equation to maintain some semblance of post-industrial society that can coexist with life on Earth. Now, the SeaBioComp project has demonstrated the possibilities of 3D printing biopolymers for large-scale industrial use.

The many members of the EU-funded Interreg initiative opted to produce a fender used to protect structures when berthing and guiding ships. In order to replace tropical wood and synthetic plastics in fender construction, the team explored the use of two materials, recycled PETG with glass fiber reinforcement (rPETG-GF30) and thermoplastic starch polymer (TSP).

A berthing structure with traditional fenders. Image courtesy of De Klerk Waterbouw.

Project member De Klerk Waterbouw, a specialist in the installation of marine products, outlined the design requirements for the component. This included a width of 400 mm, a base that allows it to slide into an auxiliary structure, an open cavity that can be filled with materials to improve impact resistance and energy absorption.

The CFAM 3D printer from CEAD. Image courtesy of CEAD.

A sample fender unit made from a combination of TPS and PLA was printed by Dutch composite production company Poly Products using a large-scale 3D printer from CEAD. The structure underwent material testing by the University of Portsmouth and mechanical testing by De Klerk Waterbouw, which reported promising results. The next step is for a further optimization of the design, materials and production process before a full-scale fender is made.

The 3D-printed fender prototype made with a TSP-PLA blended bioplastic. Image courtesy of SeaBioComp.

The findings from the material testing led by the University of Portsmouth and mechanical testing by De Klerk Waterbouw show very promising results and further optimization of designs, materials and production may lead to future full-scale production. This will lead to the installation of a full-scale, 3D-printed fender to test the performance of the structure in the field.

As discussed in our story on TSPs, these materials are difficult to process and brittle at room temperature. Made from starches themselves (as opposed to the lactic acid derived from starches, like PLA), TSPs are usually blended with other plasticizers. In this case, the TSP was mixed with PLA, which has is its own ecological issues but demonstrates strong promise over petrochemical polymers if it can be grown and harvested sustainably.

Because chemical companies are investing in fossil fuel-based plastics (in addition to biopolymers) in part to hedge their bets on a global transition to renewable energy (which also has its own ecological issues), there is a need to demonstrate the viability of biopolymers in large-scale industrial applications. For this reason, researchers from the Singapore University of Technology and Design 3D printed a fully biodegradable wind turbine blade out of chitin and cellulose.

If we can show the world that biopolymers like TSPs can be used to replace traditional petro-plastics, there is the possibility that we can maintain some of the trappings of post-industrial society while relying on more sustainable resources. We are, however, a long way from exhibiting those possibilities. The SeaBioComp project is a small, but important step in showing the applications of 3D printing with bioplastics.

In addition to demonstrating such applications, it will be important to report the lifecycle of these projects, including where and how the materials were gathered, the total lifespan of the items made, and where they end up, as well as shipping emissions and energy used to produce them. The degrowth movement has also shown us that it’s also necessary not just to replace existing materials and production technologies, but to shrink total production and consumption, as Jevon’s paradox can lead so-called sustainable processes to increase total production and consumption activities, simply adding to the total material and emissions footprints of existing fossil fuel-based operations.

Organizations wishing to be informed about the SeaBioComp project can sign up for updates here and reports about the project can be found here.

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Sustainability in additive manufacturing?

2019 has been the year of environmental sustainability, with global protests and increased political and social focus. The additive manufacturing industry isn’t an exception; sustainability is on the agenda. But how?

We are entering a new era for additive manufacturing now. One in which the increase in adoption for production applications requires the industry to mature and demonstrate the reliability, repeatability and quality of more established manufacturing techniques. This was clear during the recent Formnext 2019, where there was a significant message coming from most OEM’s, which was more focused on delivering on previous promises made of their technology. During the recent Formnext 2019, newly appointed CEO of EOS, Marie Langer, was asked about her priorities for the coming years, she discussed a focus on delivering repeatable and transferable processes, usability, quality and reliability. However, there was another significant topic that came up during that press event, and as the week progressed, it was a topic widely discussed on the Formnext floors. The topic was sustainability in additive manufacturing.

The topic was discussed in press conferences, in panel discussions, at networking events, and in one-on-one conversations.

For Marie Langer sustainability is a critical subject and one the whole industry should be championing. This was echoed by Brian Neff, CEO of Sintavia, who also commented on the opportunity and advantage AM has, as a more sustainable production technology than traditional subtractive manufacturing technologies. Langer spoke about developing more sustainable materials that could be recycled and re-used. Brian highlighted that for metal AM, there is far less material waste and that through distributed manufacturing, shipping could be reduced and therefore the overall carbon footprint of producing a part could be lowered.

The topic of sustainability was also taken up by Rush LaSelle, Senior Director, Additive Manufacturing, at Jabil Additive, as he was on a panel on Formnext TV. LaSelle described the benefits of distributed manufacturing from the perspective of sustainability. Moreover, senior leaders in companies like Carpenter Additive, HP, and DSM, made it clear, that sustainability is on the agenda. Camille Caron, HP’s Director of Education and Sustainability for their 3D printing business has recently written an article about this topic.

It seems clear that AM has the opportunity to lead the global manufacturing market as a sustainable production technology. The benefits offered through reduced material waste, supply chain innovations that reduce the needs for shipping parts thousands of miles, the use of recycled plastics and metals in materials, as well as the development of new recyclable materials, can all position AM as the most sustainable production solution for companies. It comes at a time where large companies are all under pressure to reduce carbon footprint and do more to protect and preserve the environment. Therefore this opportunity is one that could further support the acceleration of the AM industry as a whole. However, while this topic was widely talked about at a senior level, there is still very little being done to actually drive sustainability initiatives. Part of that problem likely lies with the question “Who is responsible?”. How many AM organisations, be they machine OEM’s, Materials Companies etc. have a Head of Sustainability, or at least an internal champion to take ownership? This is something Alexander Daniels Global are going to explore more and early in 2020 plan to prepare a report looking directly at what the major companies are doing to further this very important cause.

By Nick Pearce, Director of Alexander Daniels Global

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