Global aerospace leader Airbus develops, creates, and delivers innovative solutions in the commercial aircraft, defense, helicopter, space, and security sectors, and has long been a champion of using additive manufacturing to do so. Airbus installed its first 3D printer back in 2012, and used its first metal 3D printed part – a titanium bracket – in one of its commercial jetliners just two years later. Now, over 1,000 3D printed parts are used in its A350 XWB aircraft.
In order to deliver 3D printed aerospace solutions, the European aircraft manufacturing giant has partnered up with many big names in the industry, from Local Motors and Materialise to Premium AEROTEC and GE Aviation, and just today announced a new collaboration. Australian large-scale, industrial AM company Titomic has just reached a major agreement with Airbus, which will use the Melbourne company’s patented Titomic Kinetic Fusion (TKF) technology to demonstrate high-performance metal parts.
“We are pleased to partner with Airbus for this initial aerospace part made with Titomic Kinetic Fusion® (TKF), the world’s largest and fastest industrial-scale metal additive manufacturing process,” stated Titomic CEO Jeff Lang in a press release. “The TKF process ideally suited to produce near-net shape metal parts for the aerospace industry using our patented process of fusing dissimilar metals that cannot be produced with either traditional fabrication methods or metal-based 3D printers.”
TKF is the result of a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) study, when Australia’s government was looking to capitalize on its titanium resources. Titomic’s proprietary TKF technology platform uses a process similar to cold spray, and has no limits in terms of build shape and size. A 6-axis robot arm sprays titanium powder particles, at supersonic speeds, onto a scaffold in order to build up complex parts layer by layer.
Thanks to its unique AM technology, Titomic can provide its customers with production run capabilities, which helps rapidly create excellent products, with decreased material waste, that have lower production inputs.
“3D printing, of which TFK is the leading technology, has the potential to be a game changer post the global COVID-19 pandemic supply chain disruption as aircraft manufacturers look to reduce production costs, increase performance, improve supply chain flexibility and reduce inventory costs, and TKF, co-developed with the CSIRO, can be an integral part of this change,” said Lang.
“Regulations force aerospace manufacturers to provide spare parts for long periods after the sale of an aircraft, so it’s not rocket science to assume they will be early adopters of 3D printing solutions for spare-part management.”
The Titomic Kinetic Fusion process involves a 6-axis robot arm spraying titanium powder particles onto a scaffold at supersonic speeds.
TKF technology could be crucially important for aircraft manufacturers, like Airbus, as the field of aviation is one of the largest customers of titanium alloy products. That’s why Titomic has invested in further developing AM so it can meet the material, process, and design qualification system that’s required by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The company will work to develop TKF 3D printing material properties and parts process parameters for Airbus.
This agreement, the future delivery of the 3D printed demonstrator parts to Airbus, and a technology review process of said parts, all validate the certification process that Titomic’s government-funded IMCRC research project, with partners RMIT and CSIRO, is currently undergoing.
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One of the greatest joys in 3D printing is that you have so much latitude to create on your own, self-sustained with affordable and accessible hardware, software, and materials—allowing you to design and operate at whim. Whether you are a fashion designer enjoying 3D printing, an engineering student building a rocket, or even a cosmonaut bioprinting in space, the opportunity to innovate is at your fingertips, and available on your time. This is what allows genius to flow—and is also what has allowed the 3D printing industry to flourish; however, there are times when the concept you have in mind may be broader than the resources you possess. You may want to fabricate something bigger, badder, and better, and with alternative materials that can be difficult to come by. During such times, companies like Wisconsin’s ADDere Additive Manufacturing serve a vital purpose for innovators, whether on the individual or corporate level.
Operating as the Additive Manufacturing System division of Midwest Engineered Systems (MWES), ADDere offers a unique laser wire additive system for 3D metal printing. Their systems are capable of large-scale, near-net-shape metal printing, with an available build area of 1.2M x 0.5M x 0.4M (50” by 22” by 10”). According to their market research, this is three times the size of other metal-based systems, and as they will now be catering to outside printing projects (along with continuing to sell AM hardware). The huge build volumes of ADDere’s systems could make structural aircraft parts, car frame parts, impellers, blades and other industrial parts possible.
MWES expanded to create ADDere as a separate division so they could offer 3D printing with ‘exotic materials’ to include titanium, duplex stainless steel, and super alloys. Their printers can also deposit metal on parts made through more traditional processes too like casting, machining, or forging. Along with small batch production, ADDere will also offer large metal component repairs.
Close-up view of laserhead in motion.
“We’ve expanded into providing printing services as well as selling complete additive manufacturing systems as a way to open up this technology to firms who may not have the throughput to make the capital investment but would like to utilize its capabilities,” says Pete Gratschmayr, VP of Sales & Marketing, “The service is also a great way for firms to test out the process before making the investment. We’re confident ADDere printing services will exceed expectations.”
The ADDere closed loop system should lead to higher quality in printing, appealing to industries involved in manufacturing large equipment, as well as the aerospace companies, and the military.
“We see this technology opening a lot of doors in manufacturing large, complex and high-performance components for a number of industries, and others have too,” said Scott Woida, CEO of ADDere. “We’re excited to offer our knowledge and ability as a service to customers and see where we can take the technology.”
As part of MWES, ADDere now adds to 27 years of innovation and production systems integration. MWES has also been active in creating robotic automation solutions, catering to manufacturing companies in the US and around the globe.
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3D printing has played an important role in many industries over the past year, such as medical, education, and aerospace. It would take a very long time to list all of the amazing news in aerospace 3D printing in 2018, which is why we’ve chosen our top 10 stories for you about 3D printing in the aerospace industry and put them all in a single article.
Sintavia Received Approval to 3D Print Production Parts for Honeywell Aerospace
Boeing, the world’s largest aerospace company, signed a five-year collaboration agreement with Swiss technology and engineering group Oerlikon to develop standard processes and materials for metal 3D printing. Together, the two companies will use the data resulting from their agreement to support the creation of standard titanium 3D printing processes, in addition to the qualification of AM suppliers that will produce metallic components through a variety of different materials and machines. Their research will focus first on industrializing titanium powder bed fusion, as well as making sure that any parts made with the process will meet the necessary flight requirements of both the FAA and the Department of Defense.
FITNIK Launched Operations in Russia
In 2017, FIT AG, a German provider of rapid prototyping and additive design and manufacturing (ADM) services, began working with Russian research and engineering company NIK Ltd. to open up the country’s market for aerospace additive manufacturing. FIT and NIK started a new joint venture company, dubbed FITNIK, which combines the best of what both companies offer. In the winter of 2018, FITNIK finally launched its operations in the strategic location of Zhukovsky, which is an important aircraft R&D center.
New Polymer 3D Printing Standards for Aerospace Industry
The National Institute for Aviation Research (NIAR) at Wichita State University (WSU), which is the country’s largest university aviation R&D institution, announced that it would be helping to create new technical standard documents for polymer 3D printing in the aerospace industry, together with the Polymer Additive Manufacturing (AMS AM-P) Subcommittee of global engineering organization SAE International. These new technical standard documents are supporting the industry’s interest in qualifying 3D printed polymer parts, as well as providing quality assurance provisions and technical requirements for the material feedstock characterization and FDM process that will be used to 3D print high-quality aerospace parts with Stratasys ULTEM 9085 and ULTEM 1010.
Premium AEROTEC Acquired APWORKS
Metal 3D printing expert and Airbus subsidiary APWORKS announced in April that it had been acquired as a subsidiary by aerostructures supplier Premium AEROTEC. Premium AEROTEC will be the sole shareholder, with APWORKS maintaining its own market presence as an independent company. Combining the two companies gave clients access to 11 production units and a wide variety of materials.
Gefertec’s Wire-Feed 3D Printing Developed for Aerospace
Gefertec, which uses wire as the feedstock for its patented 3DMP technology, worked with the Bremer Institut für Angewandte Strahltechnik GmbH (BIAS) to qualify its wire-feed 3D printing method to produce large structural aerospace components. The research took place as part of collaborative project REGIS, which includes several different partners from the aerospace industry, other research institutions, and machine manufacturers. Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy funded the project, which investigated the influence of shielding gas content and heat input on the mechanical properties of titanium and aluminium components.
Research Into Embedded QR Codes for Aerospace 3D Printing
It’s been predicted that by 2021, 75% of new commercial and military aircraft will contain 3D printed parts, so it’s vitally important to find a way to ensure that 3D printed components are genuine, and not counterfeit. A group of researchers from the NYU Tandon School of Engineering came up with a way to protect part integrity by converting QR codes, bar codes, and other passive tags into 3D features that are hidden inside 3D printed objects. The researchers explained in a paper how they were able to embed the codes in a way that they would neither compromise the integrity of the 3D printed object or be obvious to any counterfeiters attempting to reverse engineer the part.
Lockheed Martin Received Contract for Developing Aerospace 3D Printing
Aerospace company Lockheed Martin, the world’s largest defense contractor, was granted a $5.8 million contract with the Office of Naval Research to help further develop 3D printing for the aerospace industry. Together, the two will investigate the use of artificial intelligence in training robots to independently oversee the 3D printing of complex aerospace components.
BeAM And PFW Aerospace Qualified 3D Printed Aerospace Component
BeAM, well-known for its Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technology, announced a new partnership with German company PFW Aerospace, which supplies systems and components for all civilian Airbus models and the Boeing 737 Dreamliner. Together, the two worked to qualify a 3D printed aerospace component, made out of the Ti6Al4V alloy, for a large civil passenger aircraft, in addition to industrializing BeAM’s DED process to manufacture series components and testing the applicability of the method to machined titanium components and complex welding designs.
Researchers Qualified 3D Printed Aerospace Brackets
Speaking of parts qualification, a team of researchers completed a feasibility study of the Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) on a titanium alloy space bracket made with Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 3D printing, in order to ensure that its mechanical behavior and other qualities were acceptable. The researchers developed a methodology, which was implemented on a titanium based-alloy satellite bracket.
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When you’re a kid, the writing utensil you use day in and day out is probably chosen more for its fun factor than for anything else. Case in point – when I was in junior high, I had oodles of those colorful gel pens that were so popular in the 90s, along with one or two fluffy pens with feathers on top. However, once I got to high school, teachers were a little less amused at grading homework that had been completed in all colors of the rainbow, so I switched to pens with only blue or black ink; however, someone did gift me a pen that wrote in blue ink but had a smiling pig on top and little extendable arms wearing boxing gloves on the side.
But the older you get, the more you leave the fuzzy, colorful, pig punching pens in the past and start to appreciate pens more for their functionality and quality of ink more than anything else. But, this doesn’t mean that nice pens can’t still be veritable works of art.
TypeONE (Black, Silver Grey, display; dots are carmine red)
3D printing makes it easy to customize daily use products like pens. Rein van der Mast, a Dutch technologist and designer, is capitalizing on the technology, and using it to disrupt the way that fountain pens – the most elegant of all writing utensils, in my opinion – are made.
van der Mast, who was one of the jury members for the Additive Manufacturing Challenge in 2016, just introduced the TypeONE, anfountain pen that happens to be 3D printed. But, the TypeONE pen also has a unique, patent-pending surprise – what the designer is calling the world’s first 3D printed titanium nib on the end.
“The pen is made in a rather traditional way, because even though most tools have become digital, they still have to be guided by human hands,” van der Mast explained. “In addition, the finishing and adjustment of the 3D-printed nib is done manually by craftsmen with great care.”
When it comes to 3D printed fountain pens, van der Mast knows what he’s talking about. He developed his first one back in 2013, and followed up this creation with a 3D printed fountain pen nib in 2016.
The 3D printed TypeONE fountain pen has been brought to the commercial market by 3Dimensions, which is a partnership between van der Mast, owner of renowned fountain pen shop La Couronne du Comte Dennis van de Graaf, and Bart Koster, a pen distributor who owns Promo2000 – the umbrella name for promotional printing gift webshops.
As previously mentioned, the nib of the TypeONE fountain pen is 3D printed in titanium, and has already been confirmed by several fountain pen collectors as being “very pleasant to write with,” according to the 3Dimensions website. van der Mast’s approach to 3D printed nib manufacturing is fairly innovative, as the nib’s raised edges and slit help to evenly distribute the ink every time the pen is used. The 3Dimensions logo on the side of the TypeONE is also 3D printed out of titanium, while the other visible parts of the pen are 3D printed out of strong, durable PA12 plastic material.
The 3D printed TypeONE fountain pen is currently available in two versions – silvery grey and black, both of which have a sparkling effect from the small aluminum particles that fill the PA12 material the pen is 3D printed in. For the more serious fountain pen collectors, you can also purchase a 3D printed display for the TypeONE, which is made up of a non-uniform 3D lattice structure.
In an effort to emphasize what van der Mast refers to as “the small-series-character” of the 3D printing process, 3Dimensions will only be fabricating a small number of each version of the pen – just 99, to be exact. Each limited edition pen will have a unique serial number 3D printed in its barrel, making it a lovely addition to any fountain pen collection.
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We’re sharing some business news in today’s 3D Printing News Briefs, followed by some interesting research and a cool 3D printed statue. Meld was listed as a finalist in the R&D 100 Awards, and Renishaw has introduced 3D printed versions to its styli range, while there’s an ongoing Digital Construction Grant competition happening in the UK. A researcher from Seoul Tech published a paper about in situ hydrogel in the field of click chemistry, while researchers in Canada focused on the Al10SiMg alloy for their study. Finally, an Arcam technician tested the Q20plus EBM 3D printer by making a unique titanium statue of Thomas Edison.
Meld is R&D 100 Awards Finalist
The global R&D 100 Awards have gone on for 56 years, highlighting the top 100 innovations each year in categories including Process/Prototyping, IT/Electrical, Mechanical Devices/Materials, Analytical/Test, and Software/Services, in addition to Special Recognition Awards for things like Green Tech and Market Disruptor Products. This year, over 50 judges from various industries selected finalists for the awards, one of which is MELD Manufacturing, an already award-winning company with a unique, patented no-melt process for altering, coating, joining, repairing, and 3D printing metal.
“Our mission with MELD is to revolutionize manufacturing and enable the design and manufacture of products not previously possible. MELD is a whole new category of additive manufacturing,” said MELD Manufacturing Corporation CEO Nanci Hardwick. “For example, we’re able to work with unweldable materials, operate our equipment in open-atmosphere, produce much larger parts that other additive processes, and avoid the many issues associated with melt-based technologies.”
The winners will be announced during a ceremony at the Waldorf Astoria in Orlando on November 16th.
Renishaw Introduces 3D Printed Styli
This month, Renishaw introduced a 3D printed stylus version to its already wide range of available styli. The company uses its metal powder bed fusion technology to provide customers with complex, turnkey styli solutions in-house, with the ability to access part features that other styli can’t reach. 3D printing helps to decrease the lead time for custom styli, and can manufacture strong but lightweight titanium styli with complex structures and shapes. Female titanium threads (M2/M3/M4/M5) can be added to fit any additional stylus from Renishaw’s range, and adding a curved 3D printed stylus to its REVO 5-axis inspection system provides flexibility when accessing a component’s critical features. Components with larger features need a larger stylus tip, which Renishaw can now provide in a 3D printed version.
“For precision metrology, there is no substitute for touching the critical features of a component to gather precise surface data,” Renishaw wrote. “Complex parts often demand custom styli to inspect difficult-to-access features. AM styli can access features of parts that other styli cannot reach, providing a flexible, high-performance solution to complex inspection challenges.”
Digital Construction Grant Competition
Recently, a competition opened up in the UK for organizations in need of funding to help increase productivity, performance, and quality in the construction sector. As part of UK Research and Innovation, the organization Innovate UK – a fan of 3D printing – will invest up to £12.5 million on innovative projects meant to help improve and transform construction in the UK. Projects must be led by a for-profit business in the UK, begin this December and end up December of 2020, and address the objectives of the Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund on Transforming Construction. The competition is looking specifically for projects that can improve the construction lifecycle’s three main stages:
Designing and managing buildings through digitally-enabled performance management
Constructing quality buildings using a manufacturing approach
Powering buildings with active energy components and improving build quality
Projects that demonstrate scalable solutions and cross-sector collaboration will be prioritized, and results should lead to a more streamlined process that decreases delays, saves on costs, and improves outputs, productivity, and collaborations. The competition closes at noon on Wednesday, September 19. You can find more information here.
Click Bioprinting Research
Researcher Janarthanan Gopinathan with the Seoul University of Science Technology (Seoul Tech) published a study about click chemistry, which can be used to create multifunctional hydrogel biomaterials for bioprinting ink and tissue engineering applications. These materials can form 3D printable hydrogels that are able to retain live cells, even under a swollen state, without losing their mechanical integrity. In the paper, titled “Click Chemistry-Based Injectable Hydrogels and Bioprinting Inks for Tissue Engineering Applications,” Gopinathan says that regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications need biomaterials that can be quickly and easily reproduced, are able to generate complex 3D structures that mimic native tissue, and be biodegradable and biocompatible.
“In this review, we present the recent developments of in situ hydrogel in the field of click chemistry reported for the tissue engineering and 3D bioinks applications, by mainly covering the diverse types of click chemistry methods such as Diels–Alder reaction, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, thiol-ene reactions, oxime reactions and other interrelated reactions, excluding enzyme-based reactions,” the paper states.
“Interestingly, the emergence of click chemistry reactions in bioink synthesis for 3D bioprinting have shown the massive potential of these reaction methods in creating 3D tissue constructs. However, the limitations and challenges involved in the click chemistry reactions should be analyzed and bettered to be applied to tissue engineering and 3D bioinks. The future scope of these materials is promising, including their applications in in situ 3D bioprinting for tissue or organ regeneration.”
Analysis of Solidification Patterns and Microstructural Developments for Al10SiMg Alloy
a) Secondary SEM surface shot of Al10SiMg powder starting stock, (b) optical micrograph and (c) high-magnification secondary SEM image of the cross-sectional view of the internal microstructure with the corresponding inset shown in (ci); (d) the printed sample and schematic representation of scanning strategy; The bi-directional scan vectors in Layer n+1 are rotated by 67° counter clockwise with respect to those at Layer n.
The paper also characterizes the evolution of the α-Al cellular network, grain structure and texture development, and brought to light many interesting facts, including that the grains’ orientation will align with that of the α-Al cells.
The abstract reads, “A comprehensive analysis of solidification patterns and microstructural development is presented for an Al10SiMg sample produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Utilizing a novel scanning strategy that involves counter-clockwise rotation of the scan vector by 67° upon completion of each layer, a relatively randomized cusp-like pattern of protruding/overlapping scan tracks has been produced along the build direction. We show that such a distribution of scan tracks, as well as enhancing densification during LPBF, reduces the overall crystallographic texture in the sample, as opposed to those normally achieved by commonly-used bidirectional or island-based scanning regimes with 90° rotation. It is shown that, under directional solidification conditions present in LPBF, the grain structure is strictly columnar throughout the sample and that the grains’ orientation aligns well with that of the α-Al cells. The size evolution of cells and grains within the melt pools, however, is shown to follow opposite patterns. The cells’/grains’ size distribution and texture in the sample are explained via use of analytical models of cellular solidification as well as the overall heat flow direction and local solidification conditions in relation to the LPBF processing conditions. Such a knowledge of the mechanisms upon which microstructural features evolve throughout a complex solidification process is critical for process optimization and control of mechanical properties in LPBF.”
Co-authors include Hong Qin, Vahid Fallah, Qingshan Dong, Mathieu Brochu, Mark R. Daymond, and Mark Gallerneault.
3D Printed Titanium Thomas Edison Statue
Thomas Edison statue, stacked and time lapse build
Oskar Zielinski, a research and development technician at Arcam EBM, a GE Additive company, is responsible for maintaining, repairing, and modifying the company’s electron beam melting (EBM) 3D printers. Zielinski decided that he wanted to test out the Arcam EBM Q20plus 3D printer, but not with just any old benchmark test. Instead, he decided to create and 3D print a titanium (Ti64) statue of Thomas Edison, the founder of GE. He created 25 pieces and different free-floating net structures inside each of the layers, in order to test out the 3D printer’s capabilities. All 4,300 of the statue’s 90-micron layers were 3D printed in one build over a total of 90 hours, with just minimal support between the slices’ outer skins.
The statue stands 387 mm tall, and its interior net structures show off the kind of complicated filigree work that EBM 3D printing is capable of producing. In addition, Zielinski also captured a time lapse, using an Arcam LayerQam, from inside the 3D printer of the statue being printed.
“I am really happy with the result; this final piece is huge,” Zielinski said. “I keep wondering though what Thomas Edison would have thought if someone would have told him during the 19th century about the technology that exists today.”
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Less than a year ago, Australian industrial 3D printing company Titomic introduced its innovative Kinetic Fusion process for the first time. Since then, the company has been busy commercializing the technology with various MOUs and other agreements, and was able to secure patents for Kinetic Fusion in both Australia and the US. All of this activity culminated in May, with news that the company had introduced a new metal 3D printer, said to be the largest and fastest in the world. Now, the world is finally getting a closer look at Titomic’s new machine…and its unique technology.
Jeffrey Lang, the Founding Director and CTO of Titomic, told Manufacturers’ Monthly, “We are challenging the traditional core of manufacturing.
“While most metal printing processes use an electron beam laser to melt the metal, there is no melting involved in our process. Therefore there are no heat-related distortions and the materials retain their properties.
“This also means that we are not limited by size. Because melting metals in the conventional 3D printing processes causes them to oxidise, the conventional metal 3D printing needs to take place inside a vacuum chamber. Lack of melting in our process means that we are not limited by size.”
Titomic’s Kinetic Fusion process involves a 6-axis robot arm spraying titanium powder particles onto a scaffold at supersonic speeds.
Titomic’s new metal 3D printer has a build area that’s 9 m long by 3 m wide and 1.5 m high, though it’s not constrained to booth size and requires no gas shielding. The company’s Kinetic Fusion process sprays titanium powder particles at supersonic speeds of about 1 km per second, using a 6-axis robot arm, onto a scaffold. These particles move so fast that when they collide on the scaffold, they fuse together mechanically to produce huge, load-bearing 3D forms.
Kinetic Fusion is also far faster than other forms of 3D printing.
“Depending on the complexity of the metal parts, we can deposit between 20-45 kilograms of metal per hour. That’s just with one spray head. We are working on a new system where we could operate a series of robots that connect multi- head robots. That would enable us to deposit up to 200 kilograms of material per hour,” Lang said.
“To put that into perspective, the normal 3D printers can usually deposit about one kilogram in 20 hours. So we are really bringing volume into the additive manufacturing market.”
Titomic’s 3D metal printer.
This unique technology resulted from a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) study, at a time when the country’s government was looking to capitalize on its titanium resources.
“The Federal Government did a IndustryFOCUS including putting linings on jet study in 2007 with this idea that while Australia is not a large resource of titanium, we have a large amount of mineral sands that contain titanium,” Lang explained. “The government wanted to find ways to utilise that resource instead of just selling it off, like we always do in Australia.
“I was invited to be a part of the project and look at the ways by which we could use large volumes of titanium powder. We started thinking about how to develop titanium powder from that vast resource and build a whole industry around it.”
Lang and his colleagues were finding that current AM methods were too restrictive for industrial-scale projects…and then they found the cold spray coatings process, which was developed in Russia 30 years ago for high-level metal coatings for aerospace engines; the method was also used in Asia to fabricate high-quality frying pans with copper-coated bases and scratch-proof rice cookers.
Lang said, “What no one had realised was the potential applications of the process in additive manufacturing.
“We haven’t found any scientists who can clearly explain the theory behind the process, but the technique is currently being reviewed at the army labs in the USA. The US Army has already validated the process for doing aluminium repairs on aircraft wings, etc. There are also a couple of big global companies using the technology for defence applications.”
Titomic founding director and CTO, Jeffrey Lang, and Titomic chairman, Philip Vafiadis, at the launch of Titomic’s 3D metal printer in Melbourne.
Together with Professor Richard Fox, Lang began working on how to build a 3D object by incorporating cold spray onto a scaffold, and the two co-inventors asked that CSIRO patent and licence the innovative technology to Force Industries, its composite sporting goods company. Thus, Titomic was founded four years ago and owns the exclusive rights to commercialize the proprietary process.
“These are exciting times. We started the whole project with the view of developing sovereign capabilities for Australia,” Lang said. “But the technology does not benefit just one country. It’s about securing a better future for all humanity and future generations on this planet.”
The technology does need to go through a validation process before being used in industries like aerospace, but the company is also working to 3D print parts for other industries, like defence, sports equipment, mining, and shipbuilding.
“The shipbuilding industry is currently using 50-year old technologies. Nothing much has changed in that area over the past years,” Lang explained. “Our machine can be installed on a gantry system to coat the whole hull of the ship. That shows the significant scale of what we can do.”
The technology is also not strictly limited to 3D printing and could be used to create advanced composite materials by fusing together dissimilar materials, or in the seamless coating of large industrial parts.
“Probably the most exciting advantage of Titomic Kinetic Fusion process is that it enables us to fuse dissimilar materials that could not be fused in any other way,” said Lang. “This puts us at the forefront of pioneering new smart materials that can be specifically designed for different components and parts.”
Lang believes that early adopters in any industry, but especially aerospace, can save on time and material waste with its Kinetic Fusion, in addition to gaining a competitive advantage. The aviation sector is one of the largest customers of titanium alloy products, and according to Lang, Airbus, one of the bigger fans of 3D printing in the industry, loses 50 tons of raw titanium each day to produce only 8 tons of traditionally manufactured parts…a materials loss of about 90%.
“If we could make those parts as near net shape components, that is to create the final shape of the part and then add just a little bit extra burden of the material on it, we could reduce that machining time in some instances by 80 per cent,” Lang said.
“We are not saying this technology can jumpstart now and replace the current aerospace process. But our process is currently one of the most significant processes that those aerospace companies are looking at. We have come up with additional solutions to remove a small amount of porosity to achieve aerospace grade.
“For one of the aerospace components, which can be up to $4 million in cost, we can reduce production time from 200 hours down to 6 hours.”
That’s why Titomic is currently working with a few Tier 1 aerospace companies that are interested in developing carbon fiber parts with a middle structure made of titanium.
However, Lang also says that, while 3D printing titanium is useful for making complex parts, the price will eventually start to go up and match conventional methods of manufacturing.
“The nitrogen and electricity costs for running the machines are not very high,” Lang said. “Our biggest cost restriction at the moment is the cost of metal powders. Titanium powder can be prohibitive for high volume, low value industries.”
But, as we continue to develop more applications for titanium and the demand increases, he believes the cost will go back down.
“When you look back at 150 years ago, the most expensive material in the world was aluminium. And that is now only $2-3 per kilogram,” said Lang. “Things change based on demand. The demand for titanium powder in Australia hasn’t been great until Titomic came along. Now we are in the position where we are securing the supply chain from larger suppliers.”
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In order to hold up under difficult launch conditions and decade-long missions in the zero gravity conditions of outer space, satellite fuel tanks need to be both lightweight and strong. Titanium is an obvious choice of material, but it can take over a year to acquire 4-foot-diameter, 4-inch-thick titanium forgings, which also increases the overall cost of the tank. Additionally, if traditional manufacturing methods are used to fabricate these forgings, over 80% of the material is wasted.
This infographic shows the scale of the 3D printed domes, their placement on the tank, and overall location within an LM 2100 satellite.
That’s why Lockheed Martin chose to employ 3D printing to create a record-setting, 46-inch-diameter titanium dome for its satellite fuel tanks.
“Our largest 3-D printed parts to date show we’re committed to a future where we produce satellites twice as fast and at half the cost. And we’re pushing forward for even better results,” Rick Ambrose, the Executive Vice President of Lockheed Martin Space, explained. “For example, we shaved off 87 percent of the schedule to build the domes, reducing the total delivery timeline from two years to three months.”
The new fuel tank for Lockheed Martin’s largest satellites have 3D printed domes integrated into the body to cap them off.
The tank is made up of a traditionally manufactured, variable-length titanium cylinder, which is capped by two 3D printed domes; these three pieces are then welded together to make up the final product. Technicians at Lockheed Martin’s Denver facility fabricate the domes using Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM) technology on a large 3D printer.
By 3D printing the domes, there is no longer any material waste, and the titanium is available to use with no wait time, which lowers the delivery time of the satellite tank from two years to just three months. This in turn helps the company cut its satellite schedule and costs by 50%.
“We self-funded this design and qualification effort as an investment in helping our customers move faster and save costs. These tanks are part of a total transformation in the way we design and deliver space technology,” said Ambrose. “We’re making great strides in automation, virtual reality design and commonality across our satellite product line. Our customers want greater speed and value without sacrificing capability in orbit, and we’re answering the call.”
These 3D printed tank domes are far bigger in size for the company’s qualified 3D printing materials – previously, its largest part was an electronics enclosure for the Advanced Extremely High Frequency satellite program that was only the size of a toaster. That makes these domes, which are large enough to hold nearly 75 gallons of liquid, a pretty big leap.
A Lockheed Martin engineer inspects one of the 3D printed dome prototypes at the company’s space facility in Denver.
The final rounds of quality testing for the satellite fuel tank and its 3D printed domes were completed earlier this month, which finally ends a multi-year development program with the goal of successfully creating giant, high-pressure tanks to carry fuel on satellites. Lockheed Martin technicians and engineers spared nothing on their quest to ensure that the tanks would meet, and even exceed, the reliability and performance required by NASA, as even the tiniest of flaws or leaks could spell disaster for a satellite’s operations.
The structure of the vessel was “rigorously evaluated,” according to a release, and the company’s techs ran it through an entire suite of tests in order to demonstrate its repeatability and high tolerances. Lockheed Martin is now offering the large satellite fuel tank, complete with its two 3D printed domes, as one of the standard product options for its 2100 satellite buses.
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In order to deliver 3D printed aerospace solutions, the European aircraft manufacturing giant has partnered up with many big names in the industry, from Local Motors and Materialise to Premium AEROTEC and GE Aviation, and just today announced a new collaboration. Australian large-scale, industrial AM company Titomic has just reached a major agreement with Airbus, which will use the Melbourne company’s patented Titomic Kinetic Fusion (TKF) technology to demonstrate high-performance metal parts.
Thanks to its unique AM technology, Titomic can provide its customers with production run capabilities, which helps rapidly create excellent products, with decreased material waste, that have lower production inputs.
